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AI And Copyright Protection: Understanding The Indian Legal Position




Harsh Raj Gautam, BBA LLB, Presidency University, Bangalore


ABSTRACT


The rapid growth of artificial intelligence has transformed traditional notions of creativity and authorship, as machines increasingly produce literature, music, art, and code that rival human expression. This shift challenges the foundations of copyright law, which has always relied on the idea of human originality and intellectual contribution. In India, Section 2(d) of the Copyright Act, 1957 defines the author of computer-generated works as “the person who causes the work to be created,” but its application to autonomous AI creations remains ambiguous. This uncertainty, combined with the “modicum of creativity” test established in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, leaves India’s creative industries—spanning entertainment, publishing, and digital innovation—operating in a legal grey area that may discourage investment and innovation. Globally, jurisdictions diverge: the U.S. and EU firmly preserve human authorship, the U.K. adopts a more flexible “arranger” model, and WIPO continues to promote dialogue without reaching consensus. To move forward, India must craft a balanced legal framework that safeguards human creativity while recognizing the role of AI through hybrid or sui generis models, ensuring innovation thrives without eroding the core values of copyright law.


Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Copyright Law, Authorship, WIPO, Intellectual Property



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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