Artificial Intelligence And The Law: Regulatory Challenges And The Need For A Rights-Based Framework In India
- IJLLR Journal
- 2 hours ago
- 1 min read
Preeti Singh, Assistant Professor, City Academy Law College
ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most influential technological developments shaping contemporary governance, administration, and legal processes. In India, public authorities increasingly rely on AI-driven tools in domains such as policing, surveillance, welfare distribution, biometric identification, taxation, and judicial administration. These technologies are often justified on grounds of efficiency, accuracy, and objectivity. However, their rapid adoption without a dedicated regulatory framework raises serious constitutional, legal, and ethical concerns.
AI-based systems frequently operate through opaque algorithms, making it difficult for affected individuals to understand how decisions are reached. Issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, absence of explainability, excessive data processing, and weak accountability mechanisms pose direct threats to fundamental rights guaranteed under the Constitution of India. In particular, automated decision-making has significant implications for the right to equality under Article 14 and the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21.
This paper undertakes a doctrinal and analytical examination of Artificial Intelligence within the Indian legal framework. It analyses constitutional principles, judicial interpretations, statutory provisions, and policy initiatives relevant to AI governance in India. The paper identifies gaps in existing laws, including the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, in addressing AI-specific risks. It ultimately argues for the adoption of a comprehensive, rights-based regulatory framework that ensures transparency, accountability, and human oversight, while permitting technological innovation in conformity with constitutional values and the rule of law.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Constitutional Law, Fundamental Rights, Algorithmic Governance, Due Process, Technology Regulation.
