Artificial Intelligence In The Criminal Justice System: Legal And Ethical Challenges
Adv. Basil P Thankaraj, LL.M. (Commercial Law), CSI College for Legal Studies, Kottayam, MG University, Kottayam
ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, including healthcare, finance, and governance. In recent years, its integration into the criminal justice system has significantly altered traditional methods of policing, investigation, and adjudication. Technologies such as predictive policing, facial recognition, risk assessment algorithms, and automated evidence analysis promise increased efficiency and accuracy in crime prevention and administration of justice. However, these developments also raise profound legal and ethical concerns regarding privacy, fairness, accountability, and human rights.
This article examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in the criminal justice system and analyzes the constitutional, legal, and ethical challenges arising from its application. It explores how AI driven decision-making may threaten fundamental principles such as equality before law, due process, and the right to a fair trial. The study further evaluates the adequacy of existing legal frameworks in regulating AI based technologies and highlights the risk of algorithmic bias and lack of transparency in automated systems.
The article argues that while AI can assist human decision makers, it must not replace judicial discretion or undermine procedural safeguards. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive regulatory framework, ethical standards, and judicial oversight to ensure that the use of AI strengthens the rule of law rather than weakening it.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Justice System, Algorithmic Bias, Privacy, Due Process, Human Rights, Technology Law.
