Contribution Of Polluter Pays Principle In Controlling The Marine Pollution Under International Law
- IJLLR Journal
- Sep 20
- 1 min read
M Abinaya, LLM Scholar, Department Human Rights Dr Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Tamilnadu
ABSTRACT
Marine pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges, demanding stronger legal responses at the global level. The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) has evolved as a guiding norm in environmental law, placing responsibility on polluters to bear the costs of preventing, controlling, and remedying ecological damage. This study examines the relevance of PPP in addressing marine pollution within the framework of international law. It traces the conceptual development of the principle and its reflection in international instruments such as the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, and other multilateral agreements. Special attention is given to liability and compensation provisions under conventions including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Cartagena Protocol, the Basel Convention, and the London Protocol, highlighting both their strengths and shortcomings in ensuring accountability for marine environmental harm. The research further considers how PPP has been applied in different legal systems, its practical challenges, and its role within maritime law through instruments like UNCLOS and regulations under the International Maritime Organization. The analysis suggests that while PPP has gained recognition, its consistent application in marine environmental governance remains limited. The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening liability regimes, enhancing international cooperation, and ensuring effective enforcement to achieve sustainable protection of marine ecosystems.
Keywords: Polluter Pays Principle, Marine Environmental Law, International Conventions, Liability and Compensation, UNCLOS, International Maritime Organization, Ocean Governance, Sustainability
