Effects Of Oil Pollution In The Marine Environment
- IJLLR Journal
- Sep 17
- 1 min read
M. Annie Devadharshini, LLM, Department of Human Rights and Duties Education, School of Excellence in Law, Tamilnadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University
ABSTRACT
Oil pollution remains one of the most critical threats to marine ecosystems, with far-reaching ecological, economic, and social consequences. This paper explores the causes, history, and impacts of oil spills on marine environments, highlighting the vulnerability of organisms such as seabirds, mammals, fish, corals, and mangroves. It examines mechanisms of damage including smothering, chemical toxicity, and habitat disruption, as well as the resilience and natural recovery capacity of ecosystems. Case studies of major spills, such as the Torrey Canyon, Exxon Valdez, and Deepwater Horizon, illustrate both immediate and long-term consequences. The international legal framework, including conventions under the International Maritime Organization (MARPOL, CLC, FUND, and OPRC), provides mechanisms for prevention, liability, and compensation, though enforcement challenges remain. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable industrial practices, technological innovation in spill response, ecosystem monitoring, and public awareness to mitigate future risks. Ultimately, strengthening international cooperation and adopting proactive measures are essential to protecting marine biodiversity, ensuring recovery of affected ecosystems, and safeguarding coastal livelihoods.
Keywords: Oil Pollution, Marine Environment, Oil Spills, Ecosystem Damage, Biodiversity, Recovery, MARPOL, International Maritime Organization, Environmental Law, Coastal Communities, Sustainable Practices, Spill Response, Marine Biodiversity, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Restoration.
