Environmental Regulations Governing Bio- Chemical Industries In India
- IJLLR Journal
- 1 hour ago
- 1 min read
Mekhala Gowda, BA LLB, School of Law, Christ (Deemed To Be University)
ABSTRACT
Pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, enzyme manufacturing, and fermentation-based chemicals are all part of India's biochemical industry, which has grown to be a key area influencing both economic expansion and global public health. But in addition to its financial benefits, the business presents serious threats to the environment and biosafety, especially through the use of genetically modified organisms, toxic effluents, and antibiotic residues. There are still gaps between the law and practice even though India has a comprehensive corpus of environmental legislation, including the Environment (Protection) Act, Water Act, Air Act, and waste management regulations. Inefficiencies have been caused by a lack of monitoring infrastructure, dispersed institutional duties, and weak enforcement capabilities, particularly for small and medium-sized businesses that are having trouble keeping up with compliance expenses. More importantly, existing standards, which were largely created for traditional pollutants, do not sufficiently address new issues like pharmaceutical micropollutants and antimicrobial resistance. Although industrial expansion and environmental effects have been emphasised in previous studies, little systematic study has been done on how well India's regulatory framework handles issues unique to biochemistry or how it stacks up against global best practices. By using doctrinal analysis, empirical data, and comparative views to examine India's environmental control of the biochemical sector, this study aims to close that gap. The research attempts to find context-specific legislative and policy reforms that strike a balance between industrial competitiveness and sustainable environmental and public health outcomes by assessing enforcement hurdles, SME compliance issues, and international benchmarks.
Keywords: Biochemical Industry Regulation; Environmental Governance in India; Pharmaceutical Effluents; Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR); Sustainable Manufacturing.
