Killing To Cure? The Ethics And Consequences Of Animal Culling In The Face Of Zoonotic Diseases & Animal Testing In India
- IJLLR Journal
- May 8
- 1 min read
Lalima & Ashfiya Sadiq, B.B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), School of Law, Presidency University, Bangalore.
ABSTRACT
India has seen a rise in zoonotic outbreaks such as Avian Influenza, with recent cases reported between January and April 2025 affecting poultry, wild birds, and even big cats like tigers and leopards. In response, authorities continue to adopt a “detect and cull” approach (mass killing of potentially infected animals to contain disease spread). This article examines the ethical, ecological, and legal consequences of such interventions, including animal testing, often used in drug development and scientific research. It raises concerns about whether these responses are in line with India’s constitutional vision of compassion for living beings and its eco-centric legal framework, as seen in laws like the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and judicial decisions recognizing animals as sentient beings.
Through two major case studies, the mass culling during the Avian Influenza outbreak and the sanctioned killing of Nilgais in Haryana, the article questions whether quick-fix lethal measures are justified when humane, scientifically sound alternatives exist. It also discusses gaps in current legislation, such as the Epidemic Diseases Act and the Disaster Management Act, which fail to address animal welfare during health emergencies. The article advocates for reform by incorporating ethical safeguards, better enforcement of existing laws, and innovative solutions like targeted vaccination programs and data-driven tools such as Kerala’s ‘Bhumika’ system. Ultimately, it calls for a shift toward humane, integrated approaches that uphold public health without compromising animal rights or ecological balance.
Keywords: zoonotic diseases, animal culling, animal testing, ethical alternatives, Indian animal rights jurisprudence
