Pluralization Of Policing: Public-Private Partnerships In India
- IJLLR Journal
- Jan 27
- 1 min read
Ishaan D. Joshi, CFPSE CFMLE, The University of Edinburgh Law School
ABSTRACT
The pluralization of policing, characterized by collaborative frameworks between public law enforcement and private security, has emerged as a global trend to address the increasing demands of urbanization, technological advancements, and resource constraints. In India, where urban centers are experiencing rapid growth and corresponding security challenges, the integration of private security firms with public policing has gained prominence. With over 9 million personnel employed in private security as of 2025, this sector is now larger than the combined police forces of India, offering both opportunities and risks. Community-based policing initiatives like Kerala’s Janamaithri Suraksha Project and digital platforms such as the Shakti App, designed for women’s safety, illustrate successful models of public-private collaboration. However, the lack of regulatory oversight, uneven distribution of resources, and risks of over-policing in gated communities pose significant challenges to plural policing in India. This article explores the evolution and impact of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Indian policing, analyzing their benefits and shortcomings. It argues for a unified framework that leverages private security capabilities while maintaining transparency and accountability. Through effective collaboration and regulatory reforms, plural policing can address India's diverse and growing security needs, fostering safer and more inclusive communities.
Keywords: Public-Private Partnerships, Community Policing, Private Security, Collaboration, India
