Quantum Technological Era: Legal Shifts And Challenges
- IJLLR Journal
- Jul 15
- 1 min read
Nishita Sharma, NALSAR, University of Law
ABSTRACT
The year 2025, declared the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology by the United Nations General Assembly, marks a century since German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg first introduced the foundational theory of quantum mechanics. This symbolic milestone coincides with unprecedented global advancements in quantum technologies, ranging from quantum computing to quantum communication, heralding the 'second quantum revolution". As tech giants and nation-states race to secure dominance in this transformative field based on their priorities, massive investments and national strategies are being rolled out to position themselves as quantum superpowers.
Amidst this surge of technological ambition, the legal and regulatory challenges posed by quantum technologies have yet to be fully conceptualised, let alone addressed. Existing legal frameworks, particularly in data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity, are largely unequipped to handle the complex implications of quantum capabilities. For instance, the disruptive potential of quantum computing to undermine current encryption standards calls for urgent re-evaluation of global data security norms.
This paper explored the foundational principles of quantum mechanics that underpin emerging technologies, maps out major governmental and corporate initiatives driving the quantum agenda, and critically assesses the regulatory gaps in anticipation of this shift. It also evaluates India's position within the global quantum landscape, examining recent national missions, institutional capacities, and policy responses. By adopting an interdisciplinary lens, this paper aims to contribute to the growing discourse on the legal preparedness needed in the face of quantum disruption.
