Socialist Perspective Of The Indian Constitution: Principles And Implementation
- IJLLR Journal
- Apr 9
- 1 min read
Karam Jit, Assistant Professor at LR Institute of Legal Studies Solan
Dr. Anita Verma, Assistant Professor at LR Institute of Legal Studies Solan
ABSTRACT
The socialist perspective of the Indian Constitution is rooted in the principles of social and economic justice, aiming to reduce inequalities and promote welfare-oriented governance. Though the term "socialist" was explicitly added to the Preamble through the 42nd Amendment (1976), socialist ideals have been embedded in the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) since the Constitution’s inception. The DPSPs (Part IV) provide the foundation for socialist policies, emphasizing equal distribution of wealth, workers' rights, and socio-economic welfare through provisions such as Articles 38, 39, 39A, 41, and 43A. India’s socialist framework has been implemented through various land reforms, nationalization of industries, public sector undertakings (PSUs), and welfare schemes such as MGNREGA, the Public Distribution System (PDS), and Right to Education (RTE). The judiciary has also played a crucial role in upholding socialist ideals, with landmark cases like Keshavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) reinforcing socialism as part of the Basic Structure Doctrine.
However, challenges persist in implementation due to economic disparities, weak enforcement of labour laws, increasing privatization, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. The shift towards economic liberalization (1991) has further led to debates over the relevance of socialist policies in a market-driven economy. Despite these challenges, the socialist vision of the Indian Constitution remains vital in ensuring inclusive growth and social justice. The balance between state intervention and economic liberalization continues to shape India’s approach to achieving constitutional socialism in practice.
