The Evolution Of Education Law In India: From Colonial Legacy To Modern Reforms

Akshay Wamanrao Fand, BVDU New Law College Pune

ABSTRACT:

This extensive research paper explores the complex evolution of education law in India, carefully tracing its journey from the time of colonialism to modern-day reforms. The paper brings attention to how education law has transformed from being a tool for imperial control to becoming a dynamic mechanism that empowers citizens. It thoroughly highlights significant moments in education policy, legislative frameworks, and reformative initiatives, illustrating the noteworthy shift from colonial legacies to present endeavours that strive for fair, inclusive, and improved access to education for all individuals. During the colonial era under British rule, formal education was introduced in India with an emphasis on Western knowledge while marginalising indigenous wisdom. A crucial turning point in this approach was marked by Wood's Dispatch of 1854 which shaped an educational system that produced compliant clerks for the colonial administration and perpetuated hierarchies of knowledge capacity.

After gaining independence, India envisioned education as a powerful force for societal advancement. The Indian Constitution of 1950 recognized education as a fundamental right through Article 21A, which led to subsequent efforts for equal access. In 1956, the establishment of the University Grants Commission (UGC) further exemplified the country's commitment to overseeing higher education and upholding academic standards. A significant turning point came with the passage of the Right to Education Act (RTE) in 2009, breaking away from colonial influences and reflecting India's strong dedication to inclusive education. The RTE Act made it mandatory for children aged 6 to 14 years to receive free and compulsory education, removing barriers that previously hindered their educational opportunities. This important act has paved the way for a brighter future for young individuals in India.| The future-focused system envisioned by the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 seeks to embrace innovation and inclusivity through a series of reforms. In this contemporary phase, the emphasis is on nurturing multidisciplinary learning, promoting digital literacy, and fostering critical thinking skills. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as disparities in access to educational resources, ensuring quality education for all, integrating technology effectively, and modernising the curriculum.

Education law in India is an ever-evolving force. It serves as a dynamic tool that guides progress and propels the country forward. This legal framework sheds light on policies, institutions, and paves the way for an empowered, enlightened, and equitable future for all.