Use Of DNA Evidence In Criminal System

Manya Pal, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University

ABSTRACT

In the legal realm, evidence plays a crucial role, forming the bedrock of any court case. Derived from the Latin 'Evidens Evidere,' meaning plain or apparent, evidence encompasses facts or information supporting or opposing a claim. In court, it serves to establish the truth or falsity of a fact, presented through various forms like testimony, documents, or tangible items. Adherence to legal standards ensures fairness and reliability, as outlined by Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. The term 'evidence' is multifaceted, encompassing statements made in court (oral evidence) and presented documents (documentary evidence).

The historical evolution of evidence in legal proceedings traces back to ancient civilizations, where oaths, ordeals, and witness testimony were pivotal. The common law system in medieval England emphasized juries and established procedural rules, while the Magna Carta solidified the right to a trial by jury. Enlightenment ideals spurred a move away from superstition, advocating for rational methods of evidence evaluation. The 20th century witnessed technological advancements in forensic science, enhancing investigative tools. Today's legal systems adhere to clear evidentiary standards for fairness, reliability, and individual rights protection, reflecting a journey from mystical ordeals to systematic and rational approaches throughout history. Legal proceedings rely on a diverse array of evidence, each type serving a specific role in establishing or challenging claims.