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A Jurisprudential Reading Of Nepal’s Gen Z Protests: Law, Morality, And The Digital Age




Vedhika Raheja, Payoja Ostwal & Shubhra Jaiswal, B.A., LL.B. (Hons), Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai


ABSTRACT


This paper examines Nepal's September 2025 Gen Z protests through the lens of jurisprudential theories, exploring how digital activism reshapes our understanding of law, legitimacy, and moral authority. The protests, which resulted in the fall of PM K.P. Sharma Oli's government following widespread demonstrations against corruption and nepotism, reveal fundamental tensions within positivist legal theory. When the government banned 26 social media platforms to suppress dissent, young Nepalis circumvented these restrictions and created alternative governance structures on platforms like Discord, demonstrating how digital communities can generate binding norms outside formal state authority. By applying theories ranging from classical positivism to contemporary frameworks including interpretivism, natural law, and critical legal studies, the paper argues that the digital age requires a pluralistic understanding of legal validity that recognizes multiple competing sources of authority. The protesters did not merely disobey law; they asserted the idea that legitimacy depends on moral coherence, procedural transparency, and popular recognition. This parallels the emergence of a "digital Volksgeist," where transnational digital communities co-create norms reflecting evolved collective consciousness. The paper concludes that Nepal's movement exemplifies how contemporary law must navigate between state authority and grassroots digital legitimacy, suggesting that the future of jurisprudence lies not in defending singular sources of law but in understanding how validity emerges through dynamic dialogue between code, conscience, and community.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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