AI's Transformative Role In Criminal Investigation And The Quest For Ethical Balance
- IJLLR Journal
- Jun 18
- 1 min read
Prabhakara Rao Karlapalem, Research Scholar, Noida International University, Noida
ABSTRACT
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in criminal investigation represents a paradigmatic shift in law enforcement methodology, offering unprecedented capabilities in data analysis, predictive policing and criminal investigations. This paper examines the multifaceted role of AI technologies across the criminal justice jurisdiction, from initial crime registration till forensic analysis. Contemporary AI applications include facial recognition systems like Clearview AI, predictive policing tools such as PredPol, risk assessment instruments like COMPAS and HART, and digital forensic platforms including Magnet AXIOM AI for comprehensive data extraction and analysis.
The study reveals AI's transformative potential in processing voluminous datasets, reconstructing crime scenes, identifying suspects through biometric analysis, and optimizing resource allocation for law enforcement agencies. Countries including the USA, UK, Germany, and India have increasingly deployed AI systems, demonstrating enhanced investigative efficiency, reduced human error, and improved decision-making support.
This paper notes significant ethical concerns emerge regarding output bias, data privacy violations, accountability issues, and threats to fundamental rights including presumption of innocence and fair trial guarantees. The "black box" nature of advanced AI systems raises questions about transparency and judicial acceptance of AI-generated evidence. Critical issues include biased data feeding leading to discriminatory outcomes, particularly affecting minority communities, and the insufficient legislative regulatory frameworks.
The paper concludes that while AI offers revolutionary investigative capabilities, realizing its full potential requires striking a delicate balance between technological advancement and ethical safeguards through comprehensive legislation, international cooperation, and robust accountability mechanisms to protect fundamental human rights while enhancing criminal justice efficiency.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Investigation, Forensic Investigation, Bias, Ethics
