AI Voice Cloning Frauds: Emerging Challenges For Indian Criminal Law
- IJLLR Journal
- Aug 8
- 2 min read
Dr. Neeraj Jain, Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Jind, (Haryana)
ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized communication technology by providing a platform to machines to produce extremely lifelike synthetic voices that can replicate voice, tone, accent and speech of people in an impressive manner. Although voice cloning technology is being used by many useful purposes such as service for disabled, entertainment, customer support and digital communication, wrong use of this technology has led to emergence of whole new category of cyber-enabled offenses. AI voice cloning has become an effective method used by offenders in their activities such as impersonation, scamming, identity theft, extortion, disinformation campaign and manipulation of digital evidence. The development of voice- based digital payment systems, online banking and voice authentication system in India has made citizens vulnerable to voice-cloning frauds.
The objective of present paper is to examine emerging issue of voice cloning frauds committed with use of artificial intelligence and analyze adequacy of Indian criminal laws to deal with such violations. This research paper will explore relevance of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, Information Technology Act, 2000, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 and Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 in dealing with crimes committed with help of voice cloning techniques. The research will also discuss issues related to using evidence obtained from audio files generated with use of artificial intelligence. The paper will refer to recent literature sources covering topic of voice cloning, audio forensics, deepfakes detection and AI-enabled crime to reveal gaps in existing legal regulation of problem under consideration. Thus, while there are certain laws that offer some solution to problem through provisions related to cheating, impersonation, identity theft, forgery and cybercrime, these provisions were not intended for AI-generated synthetic media.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Voice Cloning, Deepfake Audio, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Cybercrime, Digital Evidence, Audio Forensics, Identity Theft, Criminal Law, AI Governance.
