Artificial Intelligence And Criminal Justice System In India
- IJLLR Journal
- Jun 23
- 1 min read
Ms. Rushil Midha, Assistant Professor, Geeta University, Naultha, Panipat
Mr. Rupesh Kumar, Advocate, Patna High Court
ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence’s (AI) involvement into various aspects of governance signifies a transformative shift in addressing intricate societal challenges, particularly in adjudication and sentencing. This article provides an idea on India’s criminal justice framework, offering a critical analysis of its current implementations, prospective advancements, and the legal, ethical, and constitutional dilemmas it presents. India’s adoption has progressed incrementally yet meaningfully, with notable developments in policing, forensic investigation, data processing, and legal adjudication. Key governmental bodies have promoted AI-driven governance models. These have materialized through initiatives like integrated criminal databases and AI-supported forensic tools.
A substantial part of this study explores the integration of artificial intelligence technologies with India's updated criminal legislation, specifically the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023.These statutes reflect a modernization agenda and offer legal grounding for integrating AI within procedural frameworks. Employing a doctrinal approach, the research examines the extent to which AI tools are compatible with the evidentiary norms, procedural guarantees, and fundamental rights enshrined in these new codes.
To conclude, this article offers a comprehensive and critical examination of the incorporation of artificial intelligence within India’s criminal justice framework. It balances the promise of technological innovation with the necessity for safeguarding constitutional values, thereby contributing meaningfully to scholarly inquiry in this critical field.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Judicial Decision-Making, Digital Evidence, Algorithmic Accountability, Constitutional Safeguards.
