Comparative Analysis Of Juvenile Rehabilitation Programs: India And The United States
- IJLLR Journal
- 14 minutes ago
- 1 min read
Dr. Sreenidhi K R, Assistant Professor, CMR University School of Legal Studies
Prathibha S, CMR University School of Legal Studies
ABSTRACT
Juvenile delinquency presents a critical legal and social challenge, prompting a global shift from punitive to rehabilitative justice systems. This paper undertakes a comparative legal analysis of juvenile rehabilitation frameworks in India and the United States, focusing on statutory provisions, implementation strategies, and outcomes related to recidivism and reintegration. In the United States, the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (1974, as amended) underpins a decentralized yet diverse system of intervention, including diversion programs, mental health services, vocational training, and community-based alternatives. Despite institutional strength, challenges such as racial disparities and juvenile incarceration rates persist. In contrast, India's approach is governed by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, which emphasizes education, skill development, and restorative justice. However, systemic limitations—such as inadequate infrastructure, uneven enforcement, and socio-economic barriers—hinder effective rehabilitation.
Using doctrinal and policy analysis, supported by secondary data on recidivism and program outcomes, the study evaluates the effectiveness of both systems in promoting the reformation and reintegration of juveniles in conflict with law. The findings suggest that while both jurisdictions prioritize rehabilitation in principle, the U.S. demonstrates greater diversity and institutional support, whereas India’s efforts, though evolving, require stronger enforcement mechanisms and community participation. The paper concludes by recommending a hybrid model that integrates individualized intervention, cross-sector collaboration, and evidence-based policy reform to enhance the legal efficacy and social sustainability of juvenile rehabilitation programs.
Keywords: Juvenile Justice, Juvenile Delinquency, Rehabilitation, Juvenile Justice Act 2015, JJDP Act, Recidivism, Restorative Justice, Comparative Legal Analysis, India, United States.
