Corporate Manslaughter And Directors’ Liability In India: A Case Law Analysis
Merlin Vinnarasi A, Tarunika K & Rajesh Kanna P, KMC College of Law.
ABSTRACT
Industrial disasters in India have repeatedly exposed the vulnerability of communities to corporate negligence. From the catastrophic Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984) to the recent Vizag Gas Leak (2020), hazardous industrial operations have caused loss of life, environmental damage, and socio- economic disruption. This paper critically examines Indian case law on corporate accountability, focusing on the role and responsibility of directors in ensuring industrial safety.
Through a doctrinal analysis of landmark cases—including Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Oleum Gas Leak, Sterlite Copper Plant, and Vizag Gas Leak—the study highlights the evolution of judicial doctrines such as absolute liability and the polluter pays principle. The paper identifies gaps in the current legal framework, particularly the absence of comprehensive provisions addressing corporate manslaughter, and evaluates the effectiveness of civil and criminal remedies in holding corporations and directors accountable.
The study concludes that legislative reform, coupled with stricter enforcement and judicial vigilance, is necessary to prevent industrial disasters and ensure that corporations prioritize human life and environmental protection alongside economic growth.
