Evolution And Development Of Victim Protection Laws In India: An Analysis
- IJLLR Journal
- Jul 5
- 2 min read
Dr. Gayathri N.M, Assistant Professor, CMR University, SOLS, Bengaluru
Manjunath. B.K, LL.M (Cri). CMR University, SOLS, Bengaluru
ABSTRACT
The concept of victim protection in India has evolved gradually over the years, moving from a system that once centered entirely on punishing the accused to one that increasingly recognizes the rights and needs of victims. In the early stages of Indian criminal law, victims were treated merely as witnesses, with little attention given to their suffering, safety, or rehabilitation. However, social awareness, judicial activism, and international human rights movements have influenced a shift in this perspective.
This chapter explores the historical and legal development of victim protection laws in India. It discusses how constitutional provisions, particularly Articles 14 and 21, have laid the groundwork for victim rights. Key legislative reforms such as the amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code, the introduction of Section 357A for victim compensation, and the passing of special laws like the POCSO Act and Domestic Violence Act are analyzed in this context. The role of judiciary through landmark decisions has also been instrumental in expanding victim protection in addition to legal provisions, the chapter highlights the importance of schemes such as the Witness Protection Scheme and the contributions of Legal Services Authorities in ensuring support and assistance to victims. Despite these efforts, challenges such as poor implementation, lack of awareness, and delays in relief still exist.
By tracing the growth of victim protection in India, this chapter emphasizes the need for stronger enforcement, better support systems, and continued legal reform to ensure justice is meaningful not only for the offender but also for the victim.
Keywords: Victim Protection, Criminal Justice System, Legal Reforms in India, Victim Compensation, Witness Protection, Judicial Activism.
