Forensic Science And Law In India And Australia: Contemporary Practices, Challenges, And Comparative Legal Perspectives
- IJLLR Journal
- Jun 18
- 2 min read
Shivam Sharma, LL.M., School of Law, Galgotias University
Prof Dr. Namita Singh Malik, Professor, School of Law, Galgotias University
ABSTRACT
Forensic science has become an indispensable tool in modern criminal justice systems, aiding in evidence collection, crime reconstruction, and the administration of justice. In both India and Australia, forensic practices have evolved with advancements in technology, improving the efficiency and accuracy of criminal investigations. This paper explores the contemporary forensic methodologies used in the criminal justice systems of India and Australia, highlighting their similarities, differences, and challenges.
India has been expanding its forensic infrastructure, with institutions such as the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) and state-level forensic units playing a key role. The country has witnessed the integration of DNA profiling, forensic odontology, and cyber forensics to combat emerging crimes. However, forensic investigations in India face challenges such as backlog in case analysis, lack of adequate resources, and issues concerning the admissibility of forensic evidence in courts. Efforts to standardize forensic protocols and introduce legislation, such as the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Bill, 2019, indicate a move towards modernization.
In contrast, Australia boasts a well-established forensic system, with agencies like the Australian Federal Police (AFP) and the National Institute of Forensic Science (NIFS) implementing advanced forensic techniques. Australia has made significant strides in digital forensics, forensic pathology, and environmental forensics. The country follows stringent quality control measures and accreditation protocols for forensic laboratories, ensuring high standards in forensic examinations. Despite these advancements, issues related to privacy concerns, ethical dilemmas in forensic AI applications, and the need for continual training persist.
A comparative analysis of forensic practices in India and Australia reveals key differences in their legal frameworks, resource allocation, and integration of forensic sciences into criminal proceedings. While Australia leads in forensic research and international collaboration, India is striving to overcome systemic bottlenecks by investing in forensic infrastructure and training. The increasing reliance on forensic evidence in both nations underscores the necessity of addressing challenges related to forensic integrity, expert testimony reliability, and judicial acceptance of forensic techniques. Strengthening forensic capabilities through international cooperation and policy reforms can enhance the role of forensic science in ensuring justice.
Keywords: Forensic Science, Law, India, Australia, Comparative Public Law, Challenges.
