Fraud Pathways To Fair Cyber Protection: Building A Victim-Centred Framework For Reporting, Evidence Preservation, And Institutional Response

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Rachita Menon, BBA LLB (Hons.), MIT-WPU School of Law

ABSTRACT

Cyberfraud is commonly framed as the consequence of victim carelessness, yet many fraud schemes succeed through carefully designed manipulation involving urgency, impersonation, authority, fear, and trust. This article develops a victim-centred framework for post-fraud reporting, digital- evidence preservation, institutional coordination, and victim protection in India. Drawing on victimology, procedural justice, cybercrime research, and oƯicial Indian reporting and cybersecurity mechanisms, it argues that cyberfraud should be understood as a staged victimisation process rather than a single mistaken transaction. The proposed framework links immediate reporting, transaction intervention, evidence preservation, institutional referral, transparent communication, and protection against repeat victimisation. It further distinguishes effective response from guaranteed financial recovery, emphasising accessibility, timeliness, dignity, evidentiary integrity, and procedural fairness as independent measures of institutional performance. The article concludes that fair cyber protection requires not only stronger technical safeguards, but also coordinated institutions capable of reducing victim-blaming, preserving evidence, and responding rapidly after fraud occurs.

88. FRAUD PATHWAYS TO FAIR CYBER PROTECTION- BUILDING A VICTIM-CENTRED FRAMEWORK FOR REPOR

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