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From Four To Two: The Revolution Behind India’s New GST Tax Slabs




Yashasvi Sharma, BBA LLB (Hons.), National Law University, Shimla



ABSTRACT


The 2025 Goods and Services Tax (GST) reform marks a pivotal moment in India’s tax history, radically simplifying the nation’s complex indirect tax structure. By consolidating the previous four major tax slabs into primarily two 5% for essentials and 18% for the majority of goods and services—this reform aims to reduce compliance burdens, lower the cost of living, and stimulate economic growth. This article delves beyond the headline figures, exploring the thoughtful policy intent behind the simplification. It examines how the government seeks to balance consumer relief through lower rates on essential items, while safeguarding fiscal sustainability by imposing a strategic 40% tax on luxury and sin goods. The reform not only addresses longstanding administrative and economic challenges but also aligns India with global tax practices focused on ease and fairness. Ultimately, this paper highlights how the new GST structure embodies a transformative effort to empower consumers, formalize businesses, and support India’s larger goals of inclusive growth and Atmanirbhar Bharat.


Keywords: GST reform, tax simplification, slab reduction, luxury taxation, sin tax, economic growth.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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