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From Safe Harbour To Synthetic Truth: India’s 2026 It Rules Amendment And The Constitutional Future Of AI-Generated Content




Saransh Patwal, Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala


I.INTRODUCTION


In October 2023, a digitally manipulated video of actress Rashmika Mandanna circulated across Indian social media platforms, which triggered an emergency advisory from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. This incident exposed a regulatory flaw in the intermediary liability jurisprudence: what happens when harmful content is not merely shared by an intermediary, but it is fabricated with?


India’s regulatory response was seen by the 2026 amendment to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Ethics Code) Rules, imposing affirmative obligations on the social media platforms to detect, disclose, and remove “synthetically generated information” (SGI).


This article argues that while the regulatory action is constitutionally legitimate, but the structure of the 2026 amendment is defective. By transforming the intermediaries from spectators to active arbiters with no requirement that the content actually causes harm or not, no proportionate limits, and no one to keep a check on them, they would end up silencing a lot of legitimate speech just to avoid getting in trouble. Through legal analysis and comparative examination, this work proposes an alternative to preserve the regulatory objective while protecting the freedom of speech which is threatened.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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