Future Challenges And Opportunities In Labour Law In India: The Era Of Artificial Intelligence And Automation

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Mr. Ravikesh Kumar Maurya, Ms. Pratibha Tiwari & Brij Bansh Nath Anchal

ABSTRACT

This study highlights the profound transformation that the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation is bringing to India's labor market, embracing the complex challenges and opportunities that they present. While AI and automation impact significant productivity gains and create new specialized jobs, it also offers insight into the threat of widespread job displacement. These complexities include the unclear legal status of gig workers, the risk of algorithmic bias, and serious data privacy concerns arising from AI-driven surveillance. Despite consolidated labor codes and new social security provisions, these laws lack clear AI-specific safeguards or clarity on automation-induced layoffs, leaving workers vulnerable to exploitation and regulatory loopholes. Amid significant forecasts of job displacement, the promise of a demographic dividend risks becoming a burden without robust reskilling, upskilling, and educational reforms focused on digital literacy, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. Furthermore, the AI-driven employment landscape clarifies the need for ethical governance frameworks that underpin transparency, human oversight, accountability, and protection from discrimination. The study's international comparisons also highlight India's nascent regulatory stance compared to more mature frameworks, such as the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act. To harness the potential of artificial intelligence for productivity and inclusive growth, the study recommends a dedicated artificial intelligence labor law, robust legal protections for gig workers, comprehensive data privacy regulations, extensive workforce skills enhancement, and multi-stakeholder policy dialogues that promote an ethical, just future of work. Ultimately, India's ability to advance this artificial intelligence-driven transformation depends on proactive, coherent policy reforms that balance innovation with labor rights, ensure social equity, and protect the dignity of workers in a rapidly automating economy.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Gig Workers, industrial Dispute, Privacy, Labour law, NITI Aayog

FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR LAW IN INDIA- THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIG.

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