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Interim In Name, Final In Effect: A Critique Of The Delhi High Court’s Order In ANI Media V. OpenAI




Mr. Navneet Krishna, Faculty, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow


ABSTRACT


On 24 July 2026, the Delhi High Court refused Asian News International’s application for an interim injunction against OpenAI, holding at a prima facie stage that the use of ANI’s copyrighted news content to train the large language models underlying ChatGPT falls within the fair dealing exception in Section 52(1)(a) of the Copyright Act, 1957. Celebrated in some quarters as a victory for innovation, the 135-page order is, on closer examination, a case study in procedural overreach and interpretive strain. This essay argues that the Court resolved contested questions of fact without the benefit of trial, misapplied the statutory concept of an “infringing copy,” stretched the “private use” and “research” limbs of Section 52(1)(a) beyond their ordinary meaning through the misuse of the doctrine of updating construction, applied a fairness test that ignored the phenomenon of market dilution recognised in contemporaneous American jurisprudence, and constructed a text-and-data- mining opt-out regime that finds no basis in the statute. Read together, these features suggest that the order, however narrow its formal effect has already begun to perform the work of legislation.


Keywords: Fair dealing; Copyright Act, 1957; artificial intelligence; large language models; text and data mining; ANI Media v. OpenAI.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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