International Framework And Standards Governing Privacy And Data Protection
- IJLLR Journal
- Aug 8
- 2 min read
Vikas Chaudhary, LLM, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University, Lucknow
ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the development and application of international legal standards governing the right to privacy and personal data protection. It begins with foundational human rights instruments, particularly the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ("UDHR") and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ("ICCPR"), both of which recognize privacy as a fundamental right. In response to growing concerns over digital surveillance and data misuse, several regional and international frameworks have emerged to guide the collection, use, and transfer of personal data.
Among the most influential is the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which sets comprehensive rules for data processing, enshrining individual rights such as "data access", "erasure", and "portability". The chapter also reviews the APEC Privacy Framework, Convention 108+, and the OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data, each offering a unique perspective on cross-border data governance.
The chapter highlights key challenges in international data protection, including legal fragmentation, the complexity of cross-border data transfers, and balancing "data utility" with "privacy safeguards". It emphasizes the need for ongoing cooperation among governments, businesses, and civil society to develop adaptable, interoperable standards that protect privacy without hindering innovation.
As data continues to move across jurisdictions, the chapter argues for a harmonized, globally coherent approach to privacy governance. This is essential not only for legal compliance but also for enhancing public trust and promoting responsible digital transformation.
Keywords: Privacy, Data Protection, GDPR, ICCPR, UDHR, APEC, Convention 108+, OECD Guidelines, Data Security, Cross-Border Data Flow, Legal Compliance, International Law, Digital Rights, Personal Data, Global Governance, Accountability
