One Nation, One Election And The Federal Structure Of India: A Critical Analysis
- IJLLR Journal
- 6 days ago
- 2 min read
Rajnish, Research Scholar, Dept of Law, Maharaja Agrasen Himalayan Garhwal University
Rakesh Kumar, Faculty at the Department of Law, Professor, Maharaja Agrasen Himalayan Garhwal University
ABSTRACT
The idea of "One Nation, One Election" (ONOE) has sparked a significant debate in India’s political and constitutional discourse. It proposes holding simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and all State Legislative Assemblies, with the objective of reducing the frequency of elections, curbing public expenditure, and enhancing administrative efficiency. While the proposal aims to streamline the electoral process, it raises critical concerns about its compatibility with the federal structure of the Indian Constitution. India’s federalism, characterized by the distribution of power between the Centre and the States, is anchored in diversity, regional autonomy, and democratic decentralization. This research paper undertakes a critical analysis of ONOE through the lens of India’s quasi-federal system. The study explores the historical background of simultaneous elections, examines the constitutional and legal provisions involved, and evaluates the impact of ONOE on state autonomy and democratic representation. It assesses the potential benefits of the proposal, such as electoral cost reduction, improved policy continuity, and governance stability, while also highlighting serious concerns such as the erosion of regional issues, over-centralization of power, and the logistical and legal challenges in synchronizing election cycles. The paper also draws comparative insights from federal democracies like the United States, Australia, and Germany to understand how they handle electoral synchronization without compromising federal principles. Ultimately, the research argues that while electoral reforms are necessary, any move towards implementing ONOE must be guided by constitutional morality, respect for the federal spirit, and a consensus-driven approach. The paper concludes with recommendations to balance electoral efficiency with the preservation of democratic and federal values, suggesting a phased or semi-synchronized model as a more practical alternative.
Keywords: One Nation One Election, federalism, constitutional amendment, democratic process, electoral reform, Indian Constitution, state autonomy.
