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Recalibrating Criminal Culpability In Medical Negligence: Indian Law In Transition




Umachitra N, Research Scholar, VELS Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai

Dr. S.M. Azizunnisaa Begum, Assistant Professor, VELS Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai


ABSTRACT


The rapid expansion of medical services and enhanced access to healthcare in recent years have fundamentally altered the landscape of medical practice. This growth has been accompanied by a noticeable increase in allegations of medical negligence and malpractice, both in India and globally. The prevailing legal regime governing medical negligence reflects a dual inadequacy: procedural hurdles and the burdens of litigation deter many victims from pursuing legal remedies, allowing certain negligent acts to evade scrutiny, while the looming threat of criminal prosecution fosters excessive caution among medical professionals. Such over-deterrence often results in defensive medical practices, inflating healthcare costs and constraining professional judgment. Against this backdrop, the present paper undertakes a critical analysis of the concept of medical negligence, with particular emphasis on its criminal law implications. It examines the evolving standards of criminal culpability applicable to medical professionals in India, tracing judicial interpretations, statutory developments, and comparative legal approaches. The paper highlights the shifting contours of criminal liability and interrogates whether existing thresholds adequately balance patient protection with medical autonomy. By situating Indian jurisprudence within a transitional legal framework, the study advocates a recalibrated approach to criminal liability that is principled, proportionate, and responsive to the realities of contemporary healthcare delivery.


Keywords: Medical, Negligence, Litigation, Malpractice, Health Care, Consumers, Liability, criminal liability.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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