Reforming India’s Criminal Justice System: Pathways To Building A More Efficient And Equitable Criminal Justice System In India
- IJLLR Journal
- 2 days ago
- 2 min read
Khyati Singh, Amity Law School Noida, Amity University Uttar Pradesh
ABSTRACT
India’s criminal justice system continues to struggle with long-standing problems that affect the fairness and efficiency of justice delivery. Investigations are often slowed down by delays, outside influence, limited use of forensic tools, and outdated procedures. Despite repeated calls for reform over the years, these issues persist. On the prosecution side, challenges such as limited independence and lack of resources further weaken the system, making it harder to secure just outcomes. In response to these concerns, India has introduced three major laws aimed at overhauling the system: the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). These reforms are intended to bring much-needed changes. For instance, the BNSS seeks to improve accountability within the police force, strengthen the role of forensic evidence, and set clearer timelines for investigations. Meanwhile, the BSA acknowledges the growing importance of digital and electronic evidence, marking a shift towards more scientific methods of inquiry.
This study argues that legal reform alone is not enough. Drawing from global practices—such as independent prosecution bodies, stronger reliance on forensic science, and effective judicial oversight—it highlights the need for deeper structural changes. Ensuring that police function without undue interference, giving prosecutors greater independence, and integrating modern technology into investigations are essential steps. Without proper implementation, even welldesigned laws risk remaining ineffective on paper. For real change to happen, India must focus on building a system that values integrity in investigations, strengthens the role of prosecutors, and fully embraces scientific advancements. Only then can the justice system regain public confidence and deliver outcomes that are both fair and timely.
