Role Of National Courts And Human Rights Institutions In Climate Change Accountability

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Vanishree R, Research Scholar, School of Law, Presidency University

Dr Mohd. Saleem, Associate Professor, School of Law, Presidency University

ABSTRACT

Climate change presents an existential challenge that transcends environmental degradation and implicates the core of international human rights protection. Increasingly, national courts and National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) are emerging as pivotal actors in enforcing climate accountability. Through constitutional interpretation, application of international norms, and rights based reasoning, courts have transformed climate commitments into enforceable legal obligations. Simultaneously, NHRIs advance climate justice by monitoring compliance, conducting investigations, and advocating for vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by environmental harm. This article examines the jurisprudential evolution of climate litigation, the normative recognition of environmental rights, corporate accountability developments, and the institutional synergy between courts and NHRIs. It argues that an effective climate intergenerational equity, and sustainable development.

Keywords: climate accountability, climate litigation, national courts, human rights institutions, environmental constitutionalism, intergenerational equity, sustainable development.

405. ROLE OF NATIONAL COURTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS IN CLIMATE CHANGE ACCOUNTABILIT

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