The Influence Of DNA Technology Advancements On Criminal Investigations: Revolutionizing Forensic Practices And Shaping Legal Outcomes
- IJLLR Journal
- Jun 21
- 2 min read
Adv. Vedika Jat, Sage University, Indore
Dr. Richa Shrivastava, Associate Professor, Sage University, Indore
ABSTRACT
DNA profiling is a technique employed to determine an individual's identity at a molecular level. In recent years, the use of DNA evidence in criminal investigations has seen a substantial rise. DNA testing has played a crucial role in aiding law enforcement agencies in identifying criminals and solving complex cases, including rape, murder, and sexual assault. The ability of DNA typing has played a crucial role in resolving immigration problems and complicated paternity cases when the father is not present. The rapid identification of individuals in mass disasters using DNA typing has been made possible, and computerized DNA databases for tracking criminal offenders have been set up in certain countries. DNA is an invaluable investigative tool because, except for identical twins, no two individuals have the exact same DNA. In essence, the sequence of nucleotides in the cell's DNA differs in specific regions, leading to the distinctiveness of each person's genetic makeup. Without a doubt, DNA plays a vital role in criminal investigations, particularly in cases involving murder, sexual assault, disputed paternity, and man-made disasters. This paper delves into the scientific principles behind DNA identification and its practical use in criminal investigations, trials, appeals, and post-conviction procedures. It highlights the main benefits and drawbacks of the increasing importance of DNA identification in the criminal justice system, with a specific focus on India. We believe that the obstacles presented by DNA technologies will be resolved in the future.
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Forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, serving as a link between scientific discoveries and legal proceedings. Forensic science encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines, including DNA analysis, toxicology, pathological studies, and ballistics, which are all essential for investigating and uncovering illegal activities. Over the years, these fields have undergone significant changes, offering law enforcement and the courts with reliable methods to gather evidence and address matters. In recent years, the utilization of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) evidence has significantly transformed criminal investigations worldwide. Despite the numerous challenges faced by India's criminal justice system, DNA evidence has become a crucial tool in accurately determining guilt or innocence. This study delves into the profound influence of DNA evidence in criminal cases in India, highlighting its importance in improving investigative methods, guaranteeing fairness in the legal system, and overcoming the challenges of establishing guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The study aims to elucidate how DNA evidence not only assists in identifying and prosecuting offenders but also contributes to broader discussions on justice and human rights within the Indian legal framework by investigating its legal, procedural, and ethical dimensions.
