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The Right To Think: Cognitive Liberty As A Fundamental Human Right In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence




Adv. (Dr.) Prashant Mali, MSc. (Computer Science) | LLM | Ph.D. (Cyber Law), CCFP | Chevening (UK) Fellow | IVLP (USA) Bombay High Court Advocate | Founder & President, Cyber Law Consulting, Chairman, Cyber & Law Foundation (Regd. since 2005)


ABSTRACT


Something uncomfortable is happening to the way we think. Philosophers, lawyers, and technologists have spent years circling around it, but the question can no longer be deferred: do human beings have a genuine right to think, freely and autonomously, without algorithmic interference? This article argues that cognitive liberty, the right to mental self-determination, must be recognised as a distinct and justiciable fundamental right, separate from the traditional right to life and existing free-speech protections. Drawing on the emerging jurisprudence of neurorights, the prohibitions embedded in the EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024 (Regulation EU 2024/1689), Chile's pioneering constitutional neurorights amendment of 2021, and the Council of Europe's Framework Convention on AI (CETS No. 225, 2024), the article maps the current legal landscape and its critical inadequacies. Empirically, it examines documented instances of AI-driven cognitive manipulation, from Cambridge Analytica's psychometric targeting of 87 million Facebook users to modern recommender algorithms that steer adolescents toward self-harm content within minutes. The article proposes a five-pillar framework for the Right to Think (RTT): mental non- manipulation, cognitive privacy, epistemic autonomy, psychic integrity, and access to unbiased information. It further argues that without immediate constitutional enshrinement and international treaty recognition, the erosion of human cognitive sovereignty will be irreversible. This is not a futurist's warning; it is a present-tense legal crisis.


Keywords: cognitive liberty; right to think; artificial intelligence; neuro rights; mental autonomy; EU AI Act 2024; psychological manipulation; cyber law; fundamental rights; algorithmic governance.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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