Wildlife Crime In India: An Expanding Threat To Biodiversity And National Security

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Shivani Singh, Assistant Professor, Bihar Institute of Law, Patna, India

Aditya Varma, Research Scholar, School of Law, GITAM Deemed University, Visakhapatnam, India

ABSTRACT

Wildlife crime has emerged as a significant threat to global biodiversity, ecological stability, and national security. India, recognized as one of the world's most megadiverse countries, faces mounting challenges from illegal poaching, trafficking, and habitat destruction. This article delves into the complex dynamics of wildlife crime in India, examining the legal framework, major trafficking routes, commonly smuggled species, the role of technology and air transport, enforcement efforts, rehabilitation programs, and the need for community engagement. Despite the presence of robust legislation and international commitments like CITES, enforcement hurdles, digital trafficking networks, and demand-driven exploitation continue to endanger India's rich flora and fauna. By exploring systemic challenges and potential solutions, this article advocates for a multidimensional approach involving legislative reforms, international collaboration, technological innovations, and civic responsibility to curb wildlife crimes and safeguard the nation’s ecological heritage.

Keywords: Wildlife Crime, Biodiversity, Poaching, Wildlife Trafficking, India, CITES, Forest Law, Conservation, Air Transport Smuggling, Wildlife Protection Act, Exotic Species, Habitat Destruction, Enforcement Mechanism, Animal Rehabilitation

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