Beyond Compliance: Corporate Social Responsibility In India As A Tool For ESG-Driven Governance

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Prashasthi Poovaiah K & Dr Jagadish A.T., J.S.S Law college Mysuru

ABSTRACT

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India has evolved from voluntary philanthropy to a legally mandated corporate obligation under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013. This transformation reflects a broader shift in corporate governance toward stakeholder accountability, social impact, and sustainable development. The statutory framework mandates eligible companies to allocate at least two percent of average net profits toward CSR activities while adhering to Schedule VII and reporting requirements. Emerging trends in CSR include integration with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks, AI-driven impact assessment, climate- linked accountability, blockchain-enabled transparency, and cross-border CSR compliance. This article examines the statutory obligations, governance mechanisms, legal challenges, and innovative practices shaping CSR in India, emphasizing its role as a tool for ethical business conduct, social innovation, and sustainable corporate governance.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, ESG, AI in CSR, Blockchain Transparency, Climate Accountability

187. BEYOND COMPLIANCE- CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA AS A TOOL FOR ESG-DRIVEN

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