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Beyond Flexibility: Reimagining Labour Protection In India's Platform Economy




Savita Bhimanagouda Patil, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur

Dr. Venoo Rajpurohit, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur


ABSTRACT


The rapid expansion of India's platform economy has transformed work by creating flexible, technology-driven employment in sectors such as transportation, food delivery, domestic services, logistics, and digital freelancing. While these opportunities have expanded income generation, they have also exposed millions of workers to new forms of economic insecurity. Platform workers are typically classified as independent contractors despite operating under significant digital supervision and economic dependence, leaving them excluded from key labour protections, including minimum wages, occupational safety, collective bargaining, and social security. This article critically examines India's evolving legal framework governing platform labour through the lens of constitutional principles, labour jurisprudence, and comparative developments. It analyses the limitations of the Code on Wages, 2019, the Code on Social Security, 2020, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 in addressing the vulnerabilities of digitally mediated work. It also explores algorithmic management, worker misclassification, and social security exclusion while drawing lessons from the United Kingdom and the European Union. The article argues that India's labour law must move beyond the traditional employer-independent contractor divide by recognizing the realities of platform work and embedding constitutional values of dignity, equality, and social justice within labour regulation. It concludes that sustainable digital economic growth requires a rights-based framework that balances technological innovation with effective labour protection.


Keywords: Platform Workers, Gig Economy, Algorithmic Management, Social Security, Labour Law, Platform Economy, Digital Employment.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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