Governing Antimicrobial Resistance: International And Domestic Legal Responses To A Global Public Health Crisis
- IJLLR Journal
- 55 minutes ago
- 1 min read
Amar Dattatraya Raut
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most significant global public health and regulatory challenges of the twenty-first century, threatening healthcare systems, economic stability, and sustainable development. This article examines the evolving international and domestic legal architecture designed to address AMR through a multidisciplinary analysis of law, public health, economics, and scientific governance. The study evaluates the epidemiological and economic dimensions of AMR, highlighting the growing burden of mortality and the projected global financial consequences of unchecked resistance. It critically analyzes international initiatives, including the United Nations General Assembly Political Declaration on AMR, the Global Action Plan on AMR, and the One Health approach promoted by international organizations. The article further explores pharmaceutical regulatory reforms, focusing on market failures in antibiotic innovation and the emergence of subscription-based incentive models such as the United Kingdom’s National Health Service model and the proposed United States PASTEUR Act. Special attention is given to veterinary pharmaceutical regulation, agricultural stewardship, and India’s regulatory measures, including restrictions on antibiotic use in food- producing animals and reforms under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Food Safety standards. The paper argues that AMR requires coordinated legal intervention across human health, agriculture, environmental protection, and pharmaceutical innovation. It concludes that stronger international cooperation, enforceable regulatory mechanisms, and integrated One Health governance are essential to prevent AMR from becoming an irreversible global health catastrophe.]
Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance, One Health, Public Health Law, Pharmaceutical Regulation, Global Health Governance, Antibiotic Stewardship.
