Importance Of First Information Report (FIR) In Indian Criminal Justice System
- IJLLR Journal
- 2 hours ago
- 2 min read
Mansi & Parul Singh
ABSTRACT
An FIR or First Information Report is a vital component of the Indian criminal justice system. It initiates the criminal investigation process. “The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, enacted has introduced major reforms to modernise the criminal procedure and enhance access to justice. The present study examines the concept, legal framework, evidentiary value and practical significance of the FIR under the BNSS, 2023. The research highlights the role of FIR as the earliest information relating to commission of cognizable offence which enables the law enforcement agencies to start prompt investigation and preservation of crucial evidence. An FIR is not substantive evidence but has significant evidentiary value for corroboration, contradiction, identification of accused persons and other limited legal purposes.
The study also discusses the provisions of Section 173 of the BNSS which has replaced Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 bringing in major changes such as electronic registration of FIRs and statutory recognition of Zero FIR concept. Such reforms are designed to increase the transparency, accountability, efficiency, and accessibility of the criminal justice system. The changing legal position on registration, territorial jurisdiction and evidentiary use of FIRs has also been examined in judicial interpretations and landmark decisions.
This study is doctrinal in nature and is based on an analysis of legislation, case law, legal commentaries, journal articles and scholarly writings. The findings show that the FIR continues to be an important procedural tool that protects the rights of the victim, facilitates effective investigation and builds public confidence in law enforcement agencies. The study concludes that BNSS, 2023 has significantly improved the legal framework governing FIRs by adopting technological advancements and ensuring a more citizen-centric approach towards the administration of criminal justice.
