Legal Implications Of AI In Judicial Decision- Making
- IJLLR Journal
- Feb 8
- 1 min read
Shashvat Tiwari, BA LLB, United University
ABSTRACT
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in judicial decision-making introduces both opportunities and legal complexities. AI enhances judicial efficiency through predictive analytics, legal research, and automated judgment drafting, contributing to uniformity and expeditious case resolution. However, its deployment raises significant legal and constitutional concerns, particularly regarding judicial accountability, due process, and transparency.
A primary issue is the opacity of AI algorithms, often described as “black boxes,” which lack explainability and challenge the principle of reasoned adjudication. Bias in AI models further exacerbates systemic inequalities, risking discriminatory judicial outcomes in sentencing, bail, and parole decisions. These concerns necessitate stringent safeguards to uphold fairness and equality before the law.
From a constitutional perspective, AI’s role in adjudication implicates judicial independence and the separation of powers. The delegation of decision-making authority to AI must not contravene the right to be heard or the right to an impartial tribunal. Furthermore, the issue of liability for AI- driven judicial errors remains unresolved, raising questions about the responsibility of developers, judicial authorities, and the state.
This paper examines the regulatory frameworks governing AI in the judiciary across various jurisdictions, including the European Union, the United States, and India. Comparative legal analysis highlights best practices and necessary reforms to ensure AI’s ethical and legally compliant implementation.
The study advocates for a balanced regulatory approach, emphasizing AI transparency, oversight mechanisms, and ethical guidelines to mitigate bias. It underscores the necessity of a human-in-the-loop model, where AI serves as an auxiliary tool rather than supplanting human judicial discretion.
