Protective Approach In Criminology: Addressing Bootlegging, Drug Abuse And Environmental Pollution As Social Crimes
- IJLLR Journal
- Apr 27
- 1 min read
Farhana Banu, The Central Law College Salem
ABSTRACT
Criminology has increasingly shifted from a punitive framework to a more humane and reform-oriented perspective known as the protective approach. The approach emphasizes prevention, rehabilitation, and social welfare rather than mere punishment. The present study examines criminal activities such as bootlegging, drug abuse, and environmental pollution as manifestations of deeper social, economic, and structural problems rather than isolated legal violations. Bootlegging and drug abuse are often rooted in poverty, unemployment, lack of education, and social disorganization, while environmental pollution is frequently driven by industrialization, regulatory failure, and economic exploitation. Treating these acts solely as crimes ignores their underlying causes and limits the effectiveness of criminal justice interventions. The protective approach, therefore, advocates for addressing these root causes through social policies, community participation, awareness programs, and institutional support systems.this argues that a protective model— integrating legal control with welfare measures—can significantly reduce recidivism and promote long-term social stability. It highlights the need for a coordinated response involving government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and civil society to tackle these issues holistically. Ultimately, the study underscores that sustainable crime prevention lies not in harsher penalties, but in strengthening protective mechanisms that address the socio-economic realities behind criminal behavior.
Keywords: Protective Approach in Criminology, Bootlegging, Drug Abuse, Environmental Pollution, Social Crimes, Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, Social Justice, Public Policy, Community Participation.
