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Technological Transformation In Criminal Investigation: Navigating Progress And Privacy Under The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023




Arshad Alam, Assistant Professor, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut


ABSTRACT


The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 marks a transformative shift in India's criminal procedural framework, replacing the colonial-era Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The new law institutionalizes digital integration across every phase of the criminal justice process, including e-FIR registration, electronic communication of summons, digital casetracking systems, and audio-visual recording of search, seizure, and statement-recording procedures. These initiatives aim to promote expeditious investigation, strengthen evidentiary integrity, and enhance judicial transparency.


However, rapid technological adoption also introduces complex concerns relating to data protection, cyber-vulnerabilities, surveillance risks, and institutional capacity-building. This paper critically examines the operational architecture of BNSS-driven digital reforms, interrogates constitutional implications particularly in light of the fundamental right to privacy and procedural fairness evaluates practical implementation challenges, and proposes a rightsbased framework to ensure that technological modernization complements the constitutional ethos of justice, liberty, and due process.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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