Use Of AI In Indian Judiciary: Challenges, Opportunities And Constitutional Concerns
- IJLLR Journal
- Jun 13
- 1 min read
Suneha Goria, B.A. LL.B., NIMS University, School of Law, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
ABSTRACT
AI is reshaping judicial administration in India through tools such as virtual courts, e-filing systems, SUPACE (search and analytics), and SUVAS (Supreme Court Vidhik Anuvaad Software)- to improve efficiency and reduce pendency. These tools show potential for enhancing legal research, streamlining case management, and expanding access to justice, but their growing use raises constitutional, ethical, and legal concerns This paper critically analyses opportunities and challenges in integrating AI into the Indian judicial process. It argues that AI can assist in speeding up case disposal, increasing transparency, and improving administrative functioning while also creating risks of algorithmic bias, threats to privacy, accountability gaps, and erosion of reasoned principles under Articles 14 and 21 (equality, privacy, and fair trial). After surveying recent judicial opinions- including “Supreme Court’s March 2026 warning on AI-generated citations as “misconduct” and “Gujarat High Court’s April 2026 restriction on judicial use of AI”, the paper proposes safeguards – human-in-the-loop rules, explainability standards, data governance, audits, and pilot-based evaluation- so that AI functions as an aid to judges rather than a substitute for judicial discretion.
The paper concludes that a transparent, human-centric governance framework can modernize the Judiciary without undermining constitutional protections.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Indian Judiciary, Constitutional Law, Article 14, Article 21, Judicial Technology, Access to Justice, Algorithmic Bias, SUPACE, SUVAS.
