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When Brand Meets Brick: Trademark Rights, Real Estate Branding, And The Geography Of Monopoly In India




B. Kanshi Prakash, LL.B., School of Law, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai

Mrs. K. Nakshatra, Assistant Professor, School of Law, VISTAS


ABSTRACT


India's real estate sector has become one of the most active arenas for trademark disputes in recent decades. As developers compete for brand equity, they increasingly appropriate established names — from heritage hotel brands to public landmark designations — to market their projects. This article examines the legal tension that arises when trademark law and property law intersect in real estate branding. Drawing on the Trade Marks Act, 1999, the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, and the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA), it analyses the judicial approach to geographical name monopolisation, the legal complexities of brand licensing in real estate, and the consumer protection consequences of misleading brand association. The article argues that Section 9(1)(b) of the Trade Marks Act provides a sound doctrinal foundation against geographical monopolisation, but that significant regulatory gaps persist — particularly in the area of licensed brand deployment, post-licensing residual rights, and disclosure obligations under RERA. The article concludes with targeted suggestions for reform.


Keywords: Trademark law, real estate branding, geographical indication, brand licensing, Section 9(1)(b), RERA, Trade Marks Act 1999, consumer protection, India.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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