Mann Parashar, The London School of Economics and Political Science Introduction India is a binary nation. This, in effect, implies that the nation’s law and society is exclusively oriented around two genders, male and female. Transgender rights discourse has acquired a more central role to occupy in our society, and some take on the task to cover up the legal frameworks and social norms that normalise and perpetuate systemic discrimination and marginalisation. India counts m

Dr. Puranjan Prasad Paul, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, The ICFAI University Tripura ABSTRACT Data portability refers to the uninterrupted data transmission between data controllers with the consent of the data principal. The concept of self- determination, one of the most prominent international law principles, was ingrained in data portability due to its global nature. The principle of data portability was brought forth in express letters and insulated in their data

Jenimettilda J, Tamilnadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT Expert evidence has become central to modern adjudication, particularly in cases involving forensic science, medical negligence, complex financial transactions and digital evidence. Yet courts remain cautious: expert opinion is formally “assistance” to the judge or jury, not a substitute for judicial reasoning. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of how courts in India, the United States, the United Kin

Joel James J, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT The contemporary global refugee crisis constitutes one of the most urgent human rights challenges of the twenty-first century, marked by unprecedented levels of forced displacement, intensifying geopolitical conflicts, and increasingly restrictive state responses. Refugees flee persecution, armed conflict, ethnic cleansing, and structural oppression, yet displacement rarely ends their vulnerability; instead, it

Praveena. C, Research Scholar, Government Law College, Thrissur, Kerala ABSTRACT: ‘Environmental racism’ has its legacy on the American racial discrimination. It is embedded in the concept of social inequality. Environmental racism refers to any policy, practice or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages individuals, groups or communities based on race or colour. Globalization has increased the opportunity for environmental racism on an international scale. The

Pooja Prasad H G, B.Com . LL.B., St. Joseph’s College of Law M. Niharika, B.Com . LL.B., St. Joseph’s College of Law ABSTRACT Geographical Indications (GIs) are an important category of intellectual property rights linking products to their particular geographical origin and highlighting their unique qualities or characteristics derived from that location. GIs play a dual role, where on one side they help to protect cultural heritage & traditional knowledge and on the other,

Adrija Roy, LL.M. (Business Law), Amity Law School, Amity University Kolkata ABSTRACT The doctrine of unconscionability has become an important safeguard in contract law, especially in contexts where parties do not negotiate on equal footing. In India, this doctrine has developed almost entirely through judicial interpretation, since the Indian Contract Act, 1872 does not explicitly address unconscionable agreements. As a result, courts have played a central role in shaping h

Jayaditya Sharma, Symbiosis Law School, Noida ABSTRACT This research paper will be pivotally focused on the critical analysis of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, was introduced in India as a comprehensive mechanism to streamline insolvency resolution. The implementation of the IBC, 2016 commenced on 1-12-2016. However, its engagement with various sectoral laws such as the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RE

Ritesh Raj V K, The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT One of the most persistent human-rights problems in India is the continued victimisation of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). Despite progressive constitutional guarantees and targeted statutes—most notably the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989—caste-based discrimination and violence remain pervasive in both rural and urban settings. Members of SC/ST co

Snehansu Ray, LLB (Hons.), Government Centre of Legal Education, University of Burdwan ABSTRACT The pervasive gender inequality embedded within Indian sports is a structural issue. Its historical evolution can be traced from ancient times through the Victorian era to the present day. Despite recent gains and occasional success stories, female athletes in India continue to face barriers such as wage disparities, limited opportunities, and sexual harassment. Gender-based discri

Mrinangini Gurung & Srishti Satish Jadhav, Symbiosis Law School, Pune ABSTRACT To reconcile regional autonomy and recognition with unity of a federation becomes a pressing challenge to federalism. In this context, this research examines the institutional mechanisms of state reorganisation in India and Canada, and their sustainability in shaping federal bargain in accommodating linguistic, cultural, and regional demands. It puts India’s Negotiated Parliamentary Model and Canad

Sanjita Das, Tamil Nadu National Law University, Tiruchirappalli. ABSTRACT The rapid globalization of digital platforms has disrupted labour markets across the globe and established the gig economy as a prevailing and dominant model of work. In India, the disruption is more significant because of the country’s demographic profile, the depth of technological penetration, and rising levels of unemployment. The gig economy has created additional, and flexible low-barrier opportu

Vanshita Malhotra, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana Citation: 1994 AIR 1918, 1994 SCC (3) 1 Bench: Kuldip Singh, P.B. Sawant, K. Ramaswamy, S.C. Agrawal, Yogeshwar Dayal, B.P. Jeevan Reddy, S.R. Pandian, A.M. Ahmadi Introduction The 1994 Supreme Court's ruling in S.R. Bommai v. Union of India is regarded as a constitutional landmark for Indian federalism and the separation of powers. Decided by a nine- judge bench, the case examined the scope of Article 356 of

Aadish Vasudevan, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad. Ananya Agarwal, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad. ABSTRACT An empty page has the power to overwhelm and dishearten the writer. At the end, it all comes down to that one thought that helps you channelize your idea into the perfect piece of work. However, a blank page may also lead the author towards an abbreviated route and employ Artificial Intelligence as their assistant or rather ‘ghostwriter’. This might seem to expedite th

Muhammed Hashim AK, Research Scholar, School of Law, Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science (HITS), Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu Dr. K. Jameela, Assistant Professor, Senior Grade, School of Law, Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science (HITS), Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu ABSTRACT Olfactory trademarks, commonly known as smell marks, represent one of the most challenging and conceptually complex frontiers in global trademark law. Unlike traditional trademarks—which operate

Dr. Sandeep Kumar, Associate Professor, HPUILS, Shimla Samita Kumari, Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Laws, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-HP ABSTRACT All humans are autonomous, free, and deserving of respect; they are also born with some fundamental rights. These rights mainly consist of the right to life and liberty, but if someone disobeys social conventions, those rights are taken away along with the proper punishment. Human rights are universal and unalienable to all i

Simran Nayak, Institute of Law, Nirma University 1. INTRODUCTION: The Legislature is one of the most important organs of any democracy, as it reflects the will of the people. It is the organ where policies are discussed, laws are drafted, and the government is held responsible. However, legislatures differ across different regions. History, political philosophy, and constitutional decisions are all reflected in their design. Three different paths have been shown by US, India,

Ayush Toshnival, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International University (Deemed University) Dhruv Agarwal, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International University (Deemed University) ABSTRACT The project analyses the evolution of government liability in Indian administrative law which stresses on the balance between immunity and accountability. It shows how the idea of state immunity has been rebuild after Constitutional era by using judicial interpre

Ayush Toshnival, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International University (Deemed University) Dhruv Agarwal, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International University (Deemed University) 1. Introduction European Union (EU) law represents a unique legal order that was born out of the project of European integration, whose first objective was to establish an internal market on the basis of the four freedoms - freedom of movement of goods, services, capital

Seema Rahman, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai ABSTRACT In a country as socio-economically diverse and deeply stratified as India, trauma is not just personal but systemic. Individuals navigating the legal system often come with histories of violence, displacement, caste-based or gender-based discrimination, and socio-economic marginalization. Traditional legal practices often overlook these lived realities, inadvertently perpetuating re-traumatization. Trauma-inform

Karan Sati , Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University ABSTRACT The right to freedom of speech and expression, enshrined as a fundamental right in democratic constitutions, has undergone profound transformation in the digital age. Social media platforms have democratized expression, yet simultaneously weaponized it, facilitating the rapid dissemination of hate speech, misinformation, and defamatory content at an unprecedented scale. This paper examines the critical tension be

Akshaya S, Tamilnadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law ABSTRACT The jurisprudence of capital punishment remains one of the most contested questions in modern constitutional thought, oscillating between the moral legitimacy of the State to take life and the evolving standards of decency that inform contemporary human rights discourse. This article undertakes a comparative examination of the death penalty in five historically and geopolitically distinct...

Dhruv Agarwal, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International University (Deemed University) Ayush Toshnival, Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International University (Deemed University) ABSTRACT The judgment of the case Mukesh & Another vs. State of NCT of Delhi known as the ‘Nirbhaya case’ is the Supreme Court’s judgement of criminal appeal arising from the infamous 2012 gang rape and murder of the young woman. This cruel case evoked national anger in

Pooja S, The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT This article offers a critical examination of the ethical, legal, and regulatory dimensions of clinical research in India, assessed against internationally acknowledged instruments and codes such as the Nuremberg Code (1947), the Declaration of Helsinki (1964–2024), the Belmont Report (1979) and the CIOMS Guidelines. Clinical trials are central to medical progress and must be vigorously safeguarded to uphold particip