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Legal Barriers To Gender Equality In Developing Nations: A Critical Analysis Of International Obligations And Domestic Reform




Shafa Lilothia, Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi (DU); Global College of Law, Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU)


ABSTRACT


Gender equality remains one of the most pressing yet systematically undermined human rights imperatives of the twenty-first century. Despite near-universal ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and commitments under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing nations continue to maintain legal frameworks that structurally subordinate women. This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the principal legal barriers to gender equality in developing nations, including discriminatory personal laws, constitutional exclusions, customary and religious legal pluralism, gaps in legislative enforcement, and institutional deficiencies in access to justice. Drawing on comparative jurisprudence from Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America, the paper examines how domestic legal architectures intersect with international treaty obligations to either entrench or dismantle gender-based discrimination. The paper further proposes a multilayered reform framework grounded in constitutional transformation, legislative harmonization, judicial capacity-building, and community-based legal empowerment. The central argument advanced is that gender inequality is not merely a social phenomenon but a legally constructed and legally perpetuated condition that demands systematic legal deconstruction.


Keywords: Gender Equality, CEDAW, Legal Pluralism, Developing Nations, Discriminatory Laws, Women's Rights, SDGs, Customary Law, Constitutional Reform.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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