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Reconstructing Proof In The Digital Age: The Madhya Pradesh Amendment On Electronic Evidence Under The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam And Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sahita




Aryan Leander Wishard, PhD, Renaissance University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh

Namaswi Gupta, LLM, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh


ABSTRACT


The Madhya Pradesh Gazette notification dated June 25, 2026, issued by the Home Department, has introduced a state-level amendment concerning electronic evidence under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The amendment is a significant step in the legal paradigm, especially for present day criminal adjudication which largely depends on digital records such as mobile phone extractions, CCTV footage, emails, metadata, call detail records and platform-based communications. This article examines the legal and constitutional significance of such a state intervention, in consultation with the Hon’ble High Court of Madhya Pradesh, in the law governing electronic evidence. It argues that any amendment in this field must be assessed against four benchmarks: authenticity, procedural integrity, investigative efficiency and fair trial protection. While a state-specific framework may improve the collection and proof of digital material, it also raises serious concerns regarding legislative competence, privacy, chain of custody and the possibility of diluted evidentiary safeguards. The general rules cover the reception, storage, retrieval, access management and preservation of electronic records in courts. The article concludes that the value of these ‘general rules’ lies not merely in modernizing procedure, but in whether it creates a system in which digital evidence becomes easier to prove because it is more reliable, not because scrutiny is reduced.


Keywords: electronic evidence, digital forensics, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, Madhya Pradesh, admissibility, criminal procedure.



Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research

Abbreviation: IJLLR

ISSN: 2582-8878

Website: www.ijllr.com

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published in The Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the IJLLR or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IJLLR.

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