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Victims Of Witch-Hunting And Superstition
Pooja S, The Tamilnadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai INTRODUCTION : Despite being thought of as a legacy of the Middle Ages, witch-hunting is still a widespread and terrible type of violence in many regions of the world. Superstition, patriarchy, economic exploitation, social isolation, and the use of fear are still its fundamental causes. Witch-hunting is one of the most obvious examples of how vulnerable people are criminalised, stigmatised, and viciously punished in
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
Evolution Of Patent Laws In India: With Special Reference To The Trips Agreement
Adv. Harsha Binth Saif, National University of Advanced Legal Studies ABSTRACT Patent law has long been reflective of the opposites and the conflicts that they generate, viz. the preservation of innovation and simultaneously the protection of the public interest. The chronology of India's post-colonial shift away from the colonial Patents Act 1911, followed by the Patents Act 1970, and subsequently to the TRIPS-compatible amendments of 1999, 2002, and 2005, demonstrates the b
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
False Rape Accusations: Balancing Criminal Penalties With Constitutional Protections In India
Pooja Raj, Research Scholar, Department of Law, Gurugram University ABSTRACT False rape accusations are a serious concern in India, affecting the lives of the accused, undermining genuine victims, and straining the justice system. While protecting survivors of sexual violence is crucial, wrongful allegations can lead to irreversible damage to innocent individuals, including social stigma, legal harassment, and wrongful imprisonment. This paper examines the legal and ethical c
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20251 min read
A Critical Examination Of Human Rights Protection Within Law Enforcement Agencies And The Judiciary
Advocate Rao Gajender Singh Dr. Anjali Sehrawat , Associate Professor, School of Law, Sushant University, Gurugram Advocate Sapna Rao Dr. Himadri day, Associate Professor, Department of Planning, Art & Research, School of Art & Architecture, Sushant University ABSTRACT Human rights are the natural and the fundamental rights that are entitlements of each and every individual since they are human beings. Like air, water and food are fundamental in the survival of the human body
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
A Legal Inquiry Into Environmental Safety Of Food Delivery Workers In Tamil Nadu
Ms. G. Jaya Sheela, Research Scholar, Assistant Professor, Govt Law College, Tiruchirappalli Dr. S. Murugesan, Research Supervisor, Professor, Principal, Govt Law College, Karaikudi. ABSTRACT The rapid expansion of food delivery platforms in Tamil Nadu has created a new class of urban workers whose workplaces are not confined within four walls but extend to the streets, exposing them to significant environmental and climatic risks. This study undertakes a legal inquiry into t
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
Consent Within Marriage: Rethinking The Exception To Rape Laws In India
Aarohi Prakash, CMR University ABSTRACT In India, marriage has traditionally been regarded as a sacred institution, often at the expense of recognizing the individual rights of women within it. The marital rape exception under Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, continues to uphold the outdated presumption of implied and irrevocable consent between spouses. This paper critically questions the legitimacy of this exception in the context of constitutional guarantees of
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20251 min read
From Outer Space Treaties To Commercial Spaceflight: Tracing The Evolution Of Space Law In The Era Of Space Tourism
Chinnu. S, Assistant Professor, Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram ABSTRACT The evolution of space law has been shaped by the rapid growth of space exploration and the emerging sector of space tourism. Initially focused on sovereignty, resource use, and peaceful exploration, space law now encompasses regulations addressing commercial activities, liability, environmental protection, and the rights of private individuals in orbit. The rise of space tourism has i
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20251 min read
The Unactivated Gateway: Analysing The Dormancy Of Section 234(1) Of The Indian Companies Act, 2013 And Its Impact On Outbound Cross-Border Mergers
Sakkcham Singh Parmaar, Sakkcham Singh Parmaar, BA LLB (Hons.) Jindal Global Law School ABSTRACT Section 234 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013, is envisaged to provide a fundamental structure for cross-border mergers and amalgamations between Indian companies and foreign companies, keeping in mind the ever- increasing global integration of businesses. However, a very critical part of this Section has never been in operation, thus greatly restricting its intended usefulness. A
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
Bigamy And The Uniform Civil Code
Varidhi Khaitan, Bhavya Sharma & Dhruv Parag Kulkarni, O.P. Jindal Global Law School ABSTRACT The paper critically examines the legal, social, and constitutional dimensions of bigamy in India and explores what the recently enacted Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code has to say with respect to this age-old problem. The study traces the historical evolution of bigamy from its religiously regulated origins to its criminalization under the Indian Penal Code and the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanh
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20251 min read
The New Architecture Of Crimes In India: A Critical Analysis Of Reclassification Under The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Yashveena, Amity Law School, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India ABSTRACT The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) signifies a major redrafting of India's substantive criminal law since the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860 was enacted. In doing so, the BNS abandoned the colonial-era code and brought about a dramatic change in the way criminal offences were structured and classified, showing an effort to bring the law into line with social realities, technology, and constitu
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
Climate Change And Human Vulnerability: Analyzing Disproportionate Impacts Across Populations
V. Swati & M. Swathi, Assistant Professor, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS) ABSTRACT Climate change is a global crisis, but its impacts are not equally distributed. Vulnerable populations including Indigenous communities, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), low- income groups, and those dependent on climate-sensitive livelihoods—bear a disproportionate burden. These communities often lack the economic, political, and infrastructural capacit
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
Medical Professionals’ Liability In India: Intersections Of Tort Law, Contract Law And Consumer Protection Law
Joel James J, Tamilnadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT Medical liability in India operates within an increasingly complex framework shaped by tort law, contract law and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, each contributing distinct but overlapping principles governing the responsibilities of medical professionals. As healthcare transitions from traditional individual practice to corporatised, technology-driven institutions, courts have been required to refine the standar
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
Balancing Tax Authority Powers Privacy In A Globalized Digital Era
Vedika Agarwal, Symbiosis Law School Pune Taranjeet Singh, Symbiosis Law School Pune ABSTRACT Over the years, tax administration has been excessively changed by the increased technology usage of economies around the world, which led to the giving of fresh powers to tax authorities of India that have reached deep into people’s virtual digital domains. India showed this evolution through the Income Tax Bill 2025, which allowed tax authorities to have far-reaching access to elec
IJLLR Journal
Dec 18, 20252 min read
Abysmal Conviction Rate Under Prevention Of Money Laundering Act: An Analytical Perspective
Nidhi Prabha, Institute of Law, Nirma University ABSTRACT The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 was enacted with the objective of combating the concealment and legitimization of illicit proceeds by safeguarding India’s financial system and fulfilling its international obligations under the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) framework. Over the course of human history, money laundering has remained a persistent problem. Traditionally the Hawala system in India has been
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20252 min read
Intersecting Gender, Caste, And Religion Shapes Access To Child Welfare Programs
Aayush Khadka & Ajay Kumar Yadav ABSTRACT While the child welfare system in India has multiple programmes covering nutrition, education, protection and social security, access to these programmes is significantly unequal according to gender, caste, and religious factors. The study explores why some communities continue to be systematically excluded from welfare benefits despite constitutional protection, inclusive policy initiatives and decades of welfare growth. This article
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20251 min read
Smell Marks And The Graphical Representation Requirement: A Critical Analysis On The Sumitomo Decision In India
Dr. Gulafroz Jan, Sr. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, School of Legal Studies, Central University of Kashmir ABSTRACT The acceptance of a rose-scented tyre as a trademark by the Indian Trade Marks Registry marks a significant development in the jurisprudence of unconventional trademarks. While the decision signals India’s willingness to engage with emerging forms of brand identification, it simultaneously exposes gaps in the doctrinal framework governing graphical rep
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20251 min read
Protection Of Senior Citizen In India: A Socio- Legal Study
Malay Kumar Roy, Research Scholar, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Amroha, Uttar Pradesh Dr. Rajvardhan, Assistant Professor, School of Law & Jurisprudence, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Amroha, Uttar Pradesh ABSTRACT India is witnessing a demographic shift towards an ageing population, bringing the issues of senior citizen welfare and protection to the forefront. While traditional family structures have historically provided a safety net, rapid urbanizati
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20251 min read
Execution Of Forensic Provisions Under The New Criminal Laws: Issues And Challenges
Neelakshi Dwivedi, Central University of South Bihar Prof. (Dr.) Pawan Kumar Mishra, Central University of South Bihar ABSTRACT The Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) have introduced a transformative shift in India’s criminal justice system, as forensic science playing an important role in improving the evidence-based investigations. Provisions such as Section 176(3) of Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita provides that mandatory integrati
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20251 min read
Criminal Liability Of Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) Machines Under Indian Law: A Rethink On Mens Rea And Culpability
Kanchan, Assistant Professor (School of Law), MVN University, Palwal, Haryana ABSTRACT From a futuristic concept, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed into a vital component of daily life, impacting industries including healthcare, banking, and law enforcement. As these technologies become increasingly independent, they will be able to make choices and take acts that could have real-world repercussions even in the absence of human supervision. The foundations of crimina
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20252 min read
Custody In Transit: A Critical Study Of Judicial Innovation Under Constitution And BNSS
Ajinkya Misal, B.A.LL.B. (Hons.), Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati, Sambhajinagar (MNLUCS) ABSTRACT The doctrine of Transit Remand, though not explicitly mentioned in the criminal statute, has gradually evolved though the judicial precedents in India. Apart from serving only the procedural aspect of criminal justice delivery system, it is an important core stone protecting the fundamental rights of the arrested person. The constitution in its Part III, sheds l
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20251 min read
Strategic Dissent In India's CIRP: Unpacking Incentives, Systemic Impacts, And The Quest For Efficiency
Gauraansh Arora, B.A, LL.B. (Hons.), National Law University, Jodhpur ABSTRACT India's Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 ( hereinafter , “ IBC ”) was designed with one of its core objectives being to balance stakeholder interests. When a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process ( hereinafter, “ CIRP ”) is initiated, the Financial Creditors ( hereinafter, “ FCs” ) get the driver’s seat and the collective “commercial wisdom” of the Committee of Creditors ( hereinafter , “ CoC
IJLLR Journal
Dec 17, 20252 min read
Revenge Porn And Image-Based Sexual Abuse In India: Victimisation, Legal Responses, And Emerging Challenges
Kavitha T, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT This article explores the escalating issue of revenge pornography and image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) in India from both victimological and legal perspectives. It assesses the psychological effects of IBSA on victims, emphasizing the persistent, borderless, and lasting nature of digital harm. The paper provides a critical analysis of India's current legal framework under the Information Technology Act and the Indi
IJLLR Journal
Dec 16, 20251 min read
Citizen Participation And Whistle-Blower Protections In Anti-Benami Enforcement: Comparative Insights From India, The US, And The UK
Mr. Vikas Saharan, Research Scholar, School of Law, Sushant University, Gurugram Dr. Anjali Sehrawat, Associate Professor, School of Law, Sushant University, Gurugram ORCID: 0000-0002-0739-2575 ABSTRACT Envision a country where large territories of property are hidden behind a series of fictitious names, hidden owners, and opaque legal arrangements and the citizens who should be exposing them are quiet, oblivious, or unprotected. This is not a hypothetical situation, but is a
IJLLR Journal
Dec 16, 20252 min read
Constitutional Dimensions Of The “Rarest Of Rare” Doctrine In Rape Cases
Vishwa Manjunath, School of Law, Christ (deemed to be) University ABSTRACT The application of the "rarest of rare" doctrine in cases of rape creates an essential constitutional deadlock due to the non-existence of clear constitutional parameters to determine situations in which sexual assault would be eligible for being punished through capital punishment. This research examines the constitutional vacuum that has emerged from the doctrine's expansion beyond homicidal crimes t
IJLLR Journal
Dec 16, 20252 min read
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