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Human Rights Implications Of Facial Recognition Technology In India: Legal, Ethical And Policy Perspectives
Ms Muskan Grover, Assistant Professor, Gitarattan International Business School, Rohini, Affiliated to GGSIPU, Delhi ABSTRACT Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) has become a rapidly-growing instrument of policy-making, peace-keeping and commercial purposes all over the globe, and in India, too. The use of FRT in India is diverse, as being seen at the biometric boarding of passengers under the DigiYatra program at airports or police usage of the technology during public prote
IJLLR Journal
Jul 301 min read
Patent Illegality As A Ground For Setting Aside Arbitral Awards In India: From 2015-2025 – Do We Need An Amendment?
Dr. Samina Nahid Baig, Assistant Professor of Law, Karnataka Law Society’s Raja Lakhamgouda Law College, Belagavi* ABSTRACT The ground of "patent illegality" has been the single most contested doctrinal battleground in Indian arbitration law since the Supreme Court first read it into the concept of "public policy of India" in Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd v. Saw Pipes Ltd. What began as an interpretive gloss on Section 34(2)(b)(ii) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act,
IJLLR Journal
Jul 301 min read
Case Note On Indiamart Inter Mesh Limited V. Open AI Inc. & Ors. The Quandary Over The Status Of AI Under The IT Act, 2000
Aditya Singh Parmar, BA.LLB, Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur Manya Chhabria, BBA.LLB, Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur Introduction: Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (hereinafter referred to as “The Act” or “IT Act”) is the foundation of intermediary liability. By virtue of this provision, a conditional safeguard is imposed upon intermediaries and ,therefore, has become a focal point to resolve the quandary surrounding disputes taking place in the digital domain ar
IJLLR Journal
Jul 301 min read
Case Comment: Surinder Kumar V. State Of Haryana (2011)
Arsulwad Janardhan, MJP Law College Osmania University Citation 2011 INSC 777. Date 21 October, 2011. Court Name Supreme Court of India. plaintiff/appellant/petitioner SURINDER KUMAR. defendant/respondent. STATE OF HARYANA. Judges Justice P. Sathasivam & Justice Dr. B.S. Chauhan. FACTS OF THE CASE • Background and Relationship The complainant Surinder Kumar was acquainted with Inder Pal, who worked at Mul
IJLLR Journal
Jul 302 min read
Environmental Forensics As A Tool For Corporate Accountability: Bridging The Evidentiary Gap In Environmental Enforcement And Governance
KMS Rajishkha, LLM (International Law and Organisation), School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT Environmental governance has evolved significantly through international legal principles, domestic regulatory frameworks, and corporate sustainability obligations. Despite this normative progress, environmental enforcement continues to face a persistent evidentiary gap, whereby difficulties in establishing causation between corporate activitie
IJLLR Journal
Jul 302 min read
The Right To Protest Under Articles 19(1)(A) & 19(1)(B) Of The Constitution Of India:
The Right To Protest Under Articles 19(1)(A) & 19(1)(B) Of The Constitution Of India: A Constitutional Analysis Of State Regulation Of Public Assembly, With The 2026 Student Protests At Jantar Mantar As A Case Study Sushant Singh, University School of Law & Legal Studies, GGSIPU, New Delhi, India. ABSTRACT Public assemblies occupy a paradoxical position in Indian constitutional law. In principle, they are celebrated as a vital expression of democratic self- governance and an
IJLLR Journal
Jul 302 min read
Should Air Pollution In India Be Declared A National Public Health Emergency
Shiv Bhushan Singh, National Law University, Odisha ABSTRACT In India, the air pollution has evolved from being an environmental problem to a deadly epidemic public health issue, with some constitutional fears that are not at all hypothetical. Each year millions of lives are being lost prematurely while our life expectancy is getting reduced. This paper illustrates that the air pollution is, indeed, a national public health emergency (along with a number of other equally seri
IJLLR Journal
Jul 301 min read
Testimony In The Machine: A Graded Test For Compelled Digital Disclosure And The Right Against Self-Incrimination Under Article 20(3)
Jitendra Singh Bhadouriya, Advocate, Madhya Pradesh High Court ABSTRACT The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 have significantly expanded the State's practical capacity to compel production of digital devices, without addressing whether the act of unlocking such a device through a passcode, biometric credential, or hardware key is itself testimonial compulsion under Article 20(3) of the Constitution of India. This paper argues
IJLLR Journal
Jul 302 min read
Case Comment: Deciphering Consent: Mahmood Farooqui V. State (Govt. Of NCT Of Delhi) (2017) 243 DLT 310 (Del)
Subhranshu Roy, B.A. LL.B.(Hons.), National Law School of India University, Bangalore ABSTRACT This case comment argues that in Mahmood Farooqui v. State(Govt. of NCT of Delhi)1, The court by not considering verbal communication as sufficient proof of non-consent, and moreover requiring the victim's bodily actions to be synchronous with her verbal communication, misreads Section 375 of the IPC. It also undermines years of legal development, including the Criminal Law (Amendme
IJLLR Journal
Jul 301 min read
The Invisible Backbone: Re-Evaluating The Role And Legal Architecture Of NBFCS In The Indian Financial Matrix
Saumya Mishra, LL.M., NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad. Aditya Vidyarthi, LL.M., NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad. ABSTRACT In the year 2026, the Indian financial system has undergone considerable transformations, with the NBFC sector having crossed the mark of ₹50 lakh crore ($600 billion+) in Assets Under Management (AUM), and becoming the chief means of providing credit financing for the bottom-of-the-pyramid economy of India. In the course of developing from the "sh
IJLLR Journal
Jul 302 min read
Pharmaceutical Monopoly Under The CDSCO Regulatory Framework
Aditya Vidyarthi, LL.M., NALSAR University of Law Saumya Mishra, LL.M., NALSAR University of Law ABSTRACT Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have recently emerged as a significant advancement in the treatment of metabolic disorders, particularly Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Medicines such as Ozempic and Wegovy have gained global prominence due to their effectiveness in improving glycaemic control and facilitating weight management. However, the rapid rise in de
IJLLR Journal
Jul 302 min read
Financial Performance Of Asset Reconstruction Companies And Its Impact On Banking Stability
Aditya Vidyarthi, NALSAR University of Law Saumya Mishra, NALSAR University of Law ABSTRACT The rising level of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) has posed a significant challenge to the stability and efficiency of the banking sector. Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) were introduced in India as specialized financial institutions. Their primary objective is to reduce the burden of bad loans on banks and improve the overall health of the financial system. This study examines th
IJLLR Journal
Jul 301 min read
Breaking The Silence – Marital Rape And Consent In Marriages
Ms. Aakriti Duggal, BA LLB, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies, GGSIPU ABSTRACT “Consent is the foundation of any sexual relationship, yet the term marriage has been used as shield to justify forces sexual relations. If rape is a crime outside marriage why should a wedding ring erase a women’s right to say no”. Marital rape in today’s context is no so discussed and an overlooked topic of sexual violence. Many people wish to talk and express their related concern
IJLLR Journal
Jul 301 min read
An Empirical Evaluation Of Witness Protection And The Crisis Of Hostile Witnesses In Indian Criminal Justice System
Vandana, Research Scholar, Department of Law, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Akanksha Garg Agarwal, Research Supervisor, Department of Law, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, India ABSTRACT In India, witness testimony is crucial to the functioning of the adversarial criminal justice system, yet circumstances of threatening harassment, loss of income, and sheer disregard of witnesses have led to the normalisation of the p
IJLLR Journal
Jul 292 min read
Revisiting Sections 124 Along With 125 Of The Indian Contract Act, 1872
Ruchi Rai & Mihika Singh, LLB, Symbiosis Law School, Pune 1. ABSTRACT Indemnity contracts are important for risk-sharing in modern commerce. However, Sections 124 and 125 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, remain confined to a rigid definition that fails to meet contemporary needs. This research paper critically examines these statutory provisions, identifying three major legal gaps that expose commercial parties to unjustified risk. First, the Act fails to recognise implied c
IJLLR Journal
Jul 291 min read
Corporate Governance: An Analysis Of Core Principles And Their Effective Implementation In The Modern Era
Monisha M, Sree Narayana Law College, Poothotta, Kerala affiliated under MG University Introduction Corporate governance refers to the system of rules, processes, and practices through which a company is directed and controlled. It establishes a framework that defines the relationships among shareholders, management, the board of directors, and other stakeholders, including employees, suppliers, financiers, customers, and government authorities. Effective corporate governance
IJLLR Journal
Jul 291 min read
Legal Barriers To Gender Equality In Developing Nations: A Critical Analysis Of International Obligations And Domestic Reform
Shafa Lilothia, Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi (DU); Global College of Law, Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU) ABSTRACT Gender equality remains one of the most pressing yet systematically undermined human rights imperatives of the twenty-first century. Despite near-universal ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and commitments under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developin
IJLLR Journal
Jul 291 min read
Admissibility Of Digital Financial Ledgers: Navigating Electronic Evidence Standards Under Section 61 Of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Rishav Tater, JIS University, West Bengal ABSTRACT The transition of corporate financial documentation from physical ledger books to cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems has fundamentally altered the landscape of corporate litigation. With the enactment of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, which replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 with effect from July 1, 2024, the Indian legislature has redefined the evidentiary threshold for digital records.
IJLLR Journal
Jul 291 min read
Hate Speech V. Free Expression: Should Democracies Redefine The Threshold?
Anushka Sharma, Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Sanika Limbulkar, Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Introduction: Free Speech in the Contemporary Era In the contemporary era, a single online statement has the potential to reach millions within seconds. Although, this connectivity has bolstered civic participation, it has also escalated the spread of hate speech. Modern democracies therefore face a critical dilemma: s
IJLLR Journal
Jul 291 min read
Drug Trafficking And Drug Addiction In North- East India: A Socio-Legal Analysis Of The NDPS Act, Public Health, And National Security Challenge
Bedabrata Roy, BBA LLB (H), LLM (Criminal Law), ICFAI Law School, Jharkhand ABSTRACT Drug addiction is a major issue in our society, with startling figures indicating that roughly 60% of people are addicted to substances like nicotine, alcohol and other drugs. Many of these chemicals are regulated via the illicit trade in narcotics, such as opium, cannabis, brown sugar, heroin and cocaine which is still expanding. The word narcotic is derived from the Greek word narcosis, whi
IJLLR Journal
Jul 292 min read
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