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From Macaulay To Vombatkere And Beyond: The Transformation Of Sedition Law In India And Critical Appraisal Of Section 152 BNS
Nitin Verma, BBA.LL.B. (Hons.), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central University), Lucknow ABSTRACT This paper explores the origin, evolution and transformation of sedition law in India, from its colonial beginnings under Macaulay to the recent replacement of Section 124A IPC with Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. It critically analyses how the new provision seeks to protect India’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity while examining whether it truly marks a departure
IJLLR Journal
May 91 min read
Competition Law Challenges In India’s Digital Payment Ecosystem: Dominance, Interoperability, And Regulatory Overlaps
Abhinav Chaudhary, LL.M. (CB&IL), Amity University, Noida ABSTRACT India has not just become a global leader in digital transactions through its Unified Payments Interface (UPI) as its primary network; India has also advocated for a digital economy that is plausible for developing or underdeveloped countries. UPI has processed 15 billion transactions in a month in 2026. UPI has also advanced the challenges of financial inclusion by overcoming the traditional banking hurdles t
IJLLR Journal
May 91 min read
Algorithmic Collusion In E-Commerce: Concept Of Agreement And Intent Under Section 3 Of The Competition Act, 2002 - Issues And Challenges
Shreyaa Patnaik, B.B.A LL.B. (Hons.) Department of Law, CHRIST University, Pune Lavasa, India ABSTRACT The rapid proliferation of pricing algorithms and artificial intelligence in India's e-commerce ecosystem has given rise to a phenomenon that existing competition law was not designed to confront: algorithmic collusion. Where competing enterprises deploy sophisticated algorithms that independently converge on supra-competitive price levels without any human communication or
IJLLR Journal
May 91 min read
Criminal Liability Of Corporations For Labour Exploitation In The Gig And Platform Economy: A Socio-Legal Analysis In India
D. M. Salai Siva Keerthana, Assistant Professor in GTN Law College, Dindigul G J Annie Beulet Mary, Assistant Professor in GTN Law College, Dindigul N. Sudalai Muthu, Vice Principal in GTN Law College, Dindigul ABSTRACT The rapid expansion of the gig and platform economy has transformed traditional labour relationships, creating new opportunities for flexible employment while simultaneously exposing workers to significant vulnerabilities. In India, digital platforms such as U
IJLLR Journal
May 92 min read
Effectiveness, Gaps And Judicial Trends Under The Protection Of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005
Harshita, ALS, Amity University, Noida ABSTRACT This research paper critically examines the effectiveness, implementation gaps, and evolving judicial trends under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. Adopting a socio-legal and doctrinal methodology,thestudyanalyzesthe transitionofIndianjurisprudencefrom restrictive interpretations of shared households to expansive, purposive constructions that safeguard constitutional rights. The research highlights signi
IJLLR Journal
May 91 min read
Different Facets Of Article 21: A Constitutional And Jurisprudential Analysis
N.V. Nandhini, ALS, Amity University, Noida ABSTRACT This research paper investigates the persistent inadequacy of air pollution regulatory frameworks despite the constitutional entrenchment of environmental rights, exposing the State's systemic factual defaults and procedural lapses in safeguarding public health. Employing doctrinal analysis of derivative rights under Article 21 alongside a comparative analysis of corporate liability frameworks, the study evaluates the effic
IJLLR Journal
May 91 min read
From Rights To Discretion: A Critical Empirical Analysis Of The Implementation Of The MTP Act, 2021
Samiksha Sharma, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi ABSTRACT The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2021, was enacted to expand access to abortion and move Indian law closer to a rights- based framework. At the level of statutory design, the amendment reflects a shift towards greater inclusivity. Its implementation, however, tells a different story. This paper examines how the provisions of the MTP Act operate in practice through a pilot empirical study conduc
IJLLR Journal
May 91 min read
Navigating Conflict: Legal Responses To Maritime Trade Disruptions And Risk Allocation Under International Law
Ashok Singh Kathayat, LLM, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University (CSMU) in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra Dr. S. P. Mishra, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University (CSMU) in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra ABSTRACT Countries have interacted, traded, and even fought in military war for decades—and in some cases, more than a century—while mostly adhering to international law. However, it is now clear that these legal systems are under increasing pressure as the world community is on the ver
IJLLR Journal
May 92 min read
Post-GST Fiscal Federalism In India: Between Constitutional Aspiration And Institutional Reality: A Structural Critique And Reform Agenda
Kartik Chauhan, The ICFAI University Prof. (Dr.) Arun Kumar Singh, The ICFAI University ABSTRACT Of the many structural transformations wrought upon India’s constitutional order since the adoption of the Constitution in 1950, the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016 stands apart for the breadth of its fiscal implications. By inserting Articles 246A, 269A, and 279A into the constitutional text-simultaneously vesting concurrent legislative competence over go
IJLLR Journal
May 92 min read
Regulating Finfluencers In India: Bridging Legal Gaps In Retail Investor Protection
Sampurna Banerjee, Amity University, Kolkata ABSTRACT Financial influencers, or "finfluencers," have emerged as potent social personalities offering investment advice, gaining immense popularity in the Indian market, particularly among young retail investors. Retail investors - individuals trading securities for personal accounts rather than organizations - play a pivotal role in market dynamics. While finfluencers have increased financial awareness and capital flow, unregula
IJLLR Journal
May 91 min read
Climate Federalism In India After The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023: Reallocating Authority And Fiscal Burden
Gauri Dwivedi, LL.B. (Hons.), Amity Law School, Noida ABSTRACT The intersection of climate governance and federalism in India presents a complex institutional challenge, particularly in the context of evolving environmental legislation. The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 (FCAA 2023) marks a significant shift in India’s forest governance framework by redefining the scope of forest land, expanding exemptions, and strengthening central control over ecological decision
IJLLR Journal
May 81 min read
A Critical Study Of The Legal Framework Governing Mergers And Acquisitions In India
Mr. Padam Sharma, Amity Law School, Noida ABSTRACT Mergers and acquisitions in India are not discrete events of corporate strategy development, but structural transactions embodying key tensions between the imperatives of capital formation efficiency, minority shareholder protection, competition policy goals and regulatory regimes aimed at balancing competing stakeholder interests. This article offers a critical legal analysis of the regulation of M&A transactions by the Comp
IJLLR Journal
May 82 min read
Succession Rights Of Surrogacy-Born Children In India
Prajual Agarwal & Sonam Drolia, Birla Global University, Bhubaneshwar ABSTRACT In this article, we analyze how Indian family law views inheritance and succession rights of children born through surrogacy. Although the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 provides that intended parents are the lawful guardians by establishing that legal parentage exists from birth of the surrogacy born child, it does not explicitly harmonize succession rights due to the pluralism of personal law s
IJLLR Journal
May 81 min read
Custodial Violence In India: Judicial Trends In Constitutional Protection And State Liability
Peehu Bhardwaj, Amity University, Noida Introduction Custodial violence is a grave affront to human dignity and personal liberties, and strikes at the very heart of constitutionalism in India. It involves instances of torture, assault and even murder of persons in police and judicial custody. Despite the constitution's strong commitment to the protection of fundamental rights, instances of custodial violence continue to occur, reflecting the need for enhanced accountability o
IJLLR Journal
May 82 min read
Legal Framework For The Protection Of Wildlife And Biodiversity In India
Brish Kumar Pankaj, Law College Dehradun, India Binu Kanwar, Independent Researcher, India ABSTRACT Biodiversity sustains the natural laws of humanity and their existence. Biodiversity sustains and regulates soil and systems and supports the existence of plants and fauna. Biomes and the ecosystems they support are of analytical value and important for sustenance and productivity outside of the user. Legal, biological, and ecological conservation of biodiversity is of great co
IJLLR Journal
May 82 min read
Due Regard In The Age Of Autonomy: Rethinking Mens Rea For AI-Generated Space Debris
Harmansha Sokhi, LL.M. Candidate, School of Law, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India I. ABSTRACT With the militarization and commercialization of outer space, the proliferation of autonomous and AI-powered systems with minimal human intervention in real-time has become more widespread. The internal logic that drives these systems may not always be entirely clear, even for their designers. The creation of orbital debris by autonomous space systems in
IJLLR Journal
May 82 min read
The Effects Doctrine In Action: Extraterritorial Jurisdiction, AAEC And The Limits Of CCI's Cross-Border Merger Control (2020-2025)
Kratika Jaswani, School of Law, Prestige Institute of Management and Research, Indore ABSTRACT The Competition Act of 2002 provides a legal basis for CCI's extraterritorial jurisdiction through the Effects Doctrine in regulating cross-border mergers. This paper critically examines the doctrine's application to cross-border mergers in India during 2020-2025, a period marked by digital consolidation, the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2023, and high-value technology-sector acquis
IJLLR Journal
May 81 min read
A Comprehensive Legal Appraisal Of The Sexual Harassment Of Women At Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition And Redressal) Act, 2013: Evolution, Implementation Challenges, And Pathways For Reform
Harshnarayan Tiwari, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Drishti Shukla, Indore Institute of Law, Indore (M.P.) ABSTRACT In the workplace, sexual harassment is a malign pattern of gender-based discrimination, which breaks the core value of equal rights implicit with Articles 14, 15, 19 (1) (g) and 21 of the Indian Constitution which ensures equality, non- discrimination, freedom in occupations as well as life with dignity respectively. Sexual Harassment of Women
IJLLR Journal
May 82 min read
Judicial Exemptions For Minority Institutions Under RTE 2009: Balancing Article 30 Rights With Article 21a Obligations In Post-Pramati Jurisprudence
Sarita Kumari, Christ (Deemed to be University) Lavasa, Pune ABSTRACT This paper examines the critical link between India's Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 ("RTE Act") and the constitutional rights of minority institutions under Article 30(1). RTE implements Article 21A by mandating free education and a 25% reservation for weaker sections in private schools (Sec. 12(1)(c)), but Article 15(5) (93rd Amendment) explicitly exempts minority schools fro
IJLLR Journal
May 81 min read
Maternity Benefit Provisions And Gender Equality: A Socio-Legal Study Of The Code On Social Security, 2020
Dr Preeti Rawat, Assistant Professor, Department of Law, M.M.H College, Ghaziabad (CCS University, Meerut) “I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved.” - Dr B. R. Ambedkar ABSTRACT The Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 enacted under Article 42 of Constitution, provides for maternity benefits, providing protection, leave, and financial benefits to pregnant and childbearing women workers during maternity at their workplace. With chang
IJLLR Journal
May 82 min read
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