S. P. Mohan Raj, LL.M., University of Madras, Chennai ABSTRACT The exclusive economic zone under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, represents a carefully drawn compromise between coastal State resource authority and the navigational freedoms of other States. That compromise has become increasingly contested where coastal States claim that foreign military exercises or manoeuvres in the EEZ require prior consent. Several maritime States reject such cla

Drishya Srivastava, University of Allahabad Ravi Pratap Singh, Practising Advocate, High Court of Judicature at Allahabad ABSTRACT For decades, Indian courts and Motor Accident Claims Tribunals have struggled to quantify compensation payable on the death of a homemaker, whose labour, though indispensable to the household and the economy, generates no wage and finds no place in conventional income-based computation. The Supreme Court's decision in Shishu Pal @ Shish Ram & Ors.

Jatin Malhotra, B.B.A. LL.B., Bharati Vidyapeeth University ABSTRACT Public Interest Litigation (PIL) represents one of the most consequential jurisprudential innovations in the history of Indian constitutional law. Originating in the late 1970s and consolidated through a series of landmark judgments delivered by Justices P.N. Bhagwati and V.R. Krishna Iyer, PIL fundamentally reconceived the doctrine of locus standi to allow any public- spirited individual to approach the Sup

Ekta Harwani, Jai Narain Vyas University ABSTRACT Measurement, when substituted for meaning, produces a law that sees mountains by height and misses what they do. The Apex court, in November 2025, through its ruling in a matter concerning the definitional framework of the Aravalli hills and ranges, approved an elevationbased definition proposed by an expert committee operating under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, which classifies the Aravalli hills at

Jatin Malhotra, B.B.A. LL.B., Bharati Vidyapeeth University ABSTRACT Patent law is founded on a bargain between the inventor and the State: full public disclosure of an invention in exchange for a time-bound exclusive right, ordinarily twenty years, upon whose expiry the invention passes into the public domain for unrestricted use. In the pharmaceutical sector, however, originator companies have increasingly relied on a cluster of strategies collectively termed “patent evergr

Neelesh Nandan, B.A. LL.B., K.L.E. Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Ashmitha G, B.B.A. LL.B., K.L.E. Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Article 142 of the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court the authority to ensure “complete justice,” positioning it as a critical component of Indian judicial power. This paper examines its evolution from a rarely utilized procedural tool to a significant force in shaping substantive legal outcomes. Initially int

Jatin Malhotra, B.B.A LL.B., Bharati Vidyapeeth University ABSTRACT The death penalty occupies a contested and constitutionally fraught position in Indian law. As one of the few remaining democracies that continues to retain capital punishment, India has developed a sophisticated yet inconsistently applied judicial framework for its administration, centred on the landmark doctrine of the ‘rarest of rare cases’ formulated by the Supreme Court in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab

Ms. Khushi Shukla, Thakur Ramnarayan College of Law ABSTRACT The question of consent for any sexual act in marriage is currently most debatable issue in modern day Indian Society. The question of consent is central for sexual acts but the Indian law still continuous to keep the exception for the same in case of marital relations under section 63 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. This legal provision has raised a number of ethical, constitutional and human rights issue suc

Aqsa Kalam, B.A. LL.B., Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi Zikra Akbar, B.A.LL.B., Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing how content is created, stored, and accessed, and academic law libraries in India are feeling the impact. As AI tools such as ChatGPT and Gemini produce legal texts, case summaries, and research materials with minimal human input, serious questions arise about who owns such content and how libraries should handle

Muskkan Talreja, O.P. Jindal Global University I. Introduction Directors often exercise powers such as issuing shares or restricting shareholder rights stating that they acted in the company’s best interests. When these decisions are questioned, courts encounter the issue, whether it’s enough that a director acted in good faith or must they have also acted in for the right reasons for the exercise of power to be valid? Company law is thus faced with a doctrinal divide between

Bhavya Sharma, Bharati Vidyapeeth New Law College, Pune ABSTRACT This paper traces the chronology and evolution of competition law in three distinct legal regimes- England, USA and India. It starts with the Statute of Monopolies of 1624 which is perhaps one of the first instances wherein there has been a challenge to the act of granting monopolies or trading rights to certain people. It, then, examines the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 which marked the dawn of modern competit

Rajaalan A & Thirumudhukundran V ABSTRACT Safety and health in the workplace are core labour rights and pillars of sustainable development. Safe conditions are central decent work issues for the International Labour Organisation. In many jurisdictions, notably India, OSH is generally considered a peripheral compliance task rather than a strategic governance priority. This article discusses the systemic misalignment between corporate governance and workplace risk management. T

Shreya Joshi, Dr D Y Patil Law College ABSTRACT The Defence Procurement Manual 2025 (DPM 2025), which supersedes DPM 2009, applies to revenue procurement in the defence services. Although the new manual provides for more stringent timelines, delegated financial authority, e-procurement, and contractual incentives to ensure efficiency and indigenous development, this paper contends that the problem of delays is more complex and embedded in the system. The paper concludes that

Jaya Singh, Amity Law School, Lucknow ABSTRACT Significant gaps in workplace safety were revealed in 2024 by the tragic rape and murder of a postgraduate trainee physician at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata. The incident is examined in this essay from a legal, social, and policy perspective, emphasizing procedural errors, the need for gender sensitive safety precautions, and the institutional duty to provide care. The study assesses systemic flaws in administ

Yash Verma, Advocate, Delhi High Court ABSTRACT The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 builds its architecture around consent, yet Section 17 carves out exemptions that sit uneasily with that architecture. Among these, Section 17(2)(a) stands apart. It allows the Central Government to exempt any instrumentality of the State from the whole of the Act, not merely from specific chapters, on grounds such as sovereignty, security, and public order, through nothing more tha

Aditi Singh, National Law University and Judicial Academy Assam ABSTRACT Ocean-going vessels were given an A–E operational efficiency rating when the Carbon Intensity Indicator ("CII") under MARPOL Annex VI went into effect in 2023. However, a low grade was not directly penalized beyond the need for a corrective action plan. This article argues that CII reveals a structural mismatch between private charter-party law, which gives the charterer operational control, and public i

Nitish Kumar, Ph.D. Scholar, University Department of Law, Patna University, Patna Dr. Shiv Shankar Singh, Associate Professor, University Department of Law, Patna University, Patna ABSTRACT Few features of the online economy trouble competition lawyers as persistently as the discount that seems too good to be true. Festival sales, cash-back, and coupons that push retail prices beneath a brick-and-mortar trader's own procurement cost look, to the shopper, like a gift; to the

Adv. Anshika Yadav, B.A. LL.B. (Hons), GITAM School of Law, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam ABSTRACT The Agnipath initiative, which was introduced by the government on June 14, 2022, is about to enter the stage that will determine if it continues in its current shape for another four years. The Department of Military Affairs is considering measures that go well beyond minor adjustments as the first cohort of Agniveers is scheduled to conclude its four-year service in October

Riya Mathur, LLB, Department of Law, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, New Delhi Tarun Sharma, LLB, Department of Law, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, New Delhi ABSTRACT India's digital economy has grown at a pace that its dispute resolution architecture was never designed to keep up with. Millions of transactions settle through payment aggregators every day, and a meaningful portion of them give rise to disagreements about delivery, quality, refunds, and contractua

Adv. Sarthak Kohli, Legal Researcher at Delhi High Court Synopsis: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Group of Companies Doctrine (GOCD) in India, specifically its refinement following the landmark Constitution Bench judgment in Cox and Kings Ltd. v. SAP India Pvt. Ltd. wherein the Supreme Court shifted the doctrine’s foundation from the "claiming through or under" theory to a consent-based framework that prioritizes the mutual intent of parties and the "si