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Cyber Fraud In Digital Payments: A Global Study On UPI Scams And Online Financial Crimes
Sristy Agrawal, Christ (Deemed to be University), Delhi NCR ABSTRACT The convergence of constant availability, low cost of transactions, and designed user interfaces via the real-time and instant payment systems has moved to the limelight of the retail finance to drive mass adoption and inclusion of the financial system. In Brazil, it is the case with Pix and in India, with Unified Payments Interface (UPI), both boasting hundreds of millions of users and having hundreds of mi
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Coporate Human Rights Obligations: Evaluating Legal Frameworks In India Through A Comparative Lens
Naina Chouhan, BBA LLB (Hons.), Christ (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa ABSTRACT The expanding role of corporations in a globalized economy has brought renewed attention to their involvement in human rights violations, ranging from exploitative labour practices to environmental harm and displacement of vulnerable communities. While international frameworks such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights have articulated the normative expectati
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Legal Status And Protection Of Children In Armed Conflict: A Study Of Adult Criminal Responsibility Under International Law
Nur Nahar Amin, Symbiosis Law School Hyderabad (SLSH), Hyderabad, India ABSTRACT The paper will analyse the legal status and protection of the children caught in the armed conflict, with the focal point being the change in the liability of the children into the responsibility of adults. The first part examines the international law of child protection, such as International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law and International Criminal Law, in relation to such in
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Insurance And Liability Challenges Of Autonomous Vehicles In India
D.S. Bhuvanesh Kumar, B.Com LL.B, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai S. Sanjay, B.Com LL.B., Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai S.Gowtham, B.Com LL.B, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai ABSTRACT Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a transformative shift in modern transportation, integrating artificial intelligence and advanced sensor technologies to minimize human intervention. While these innovations promise enha
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Dignity Over The Sacred Bond: The Need To Recognise “No” Within Marriage
Mitali Sinha, Mitali Chauhan and Bhartendu Vimal, LL.B. (Hons.), University of Allahabad ABSTRACT Marriage in our society has been framed as a social institution with mutual rights and obligations, often neglecting individual dignity and autonomy within the intimate relationship. This article tries to examine the concept of consent in the marital context and evaluate how consent is misunderstood, practised and enforced in marital relationships. By legal analysis, exploring le
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Shell Companies In India: Regulatory Failures, Financial Crimes, And The Quest For Transparency
Dhruv Vashist, LL.B. (Hons.), Amity Law School, Noida ABSTRACT In contemporary times, shell companies have become an important subject matter in the realm of corporate and financial law. Shell companies have become an issue because of their nature that allows them to be a valid tool and a means of committing illegal actions simultaneously. In the context of India, the rise of shell companies has been closely connected with the liberalization of the country's economy, developm
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Judicial Deviance In India: Causes, Consequences, And Corrective Mechanisms
Ritesh Raj V K, LLM, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University ABSTRACT The judiciary protects constitutional values, protects individual rights, and protects democracy and the rule of law at an effective level. Judges have a huge power to rule and make decisions regarding law, adjudicate and resolve conflicts and achieve the fair and impartial application of justice. This responsibility is so high that a fair and responsible judiciary operates under such high standards of i
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Environmental Crimes And Legal Structure In India
Shrimali Sangita Pravinbhai, Researcher, Gokul Global University Rakesh Thakor, Researcher, Sardar Patel University Dr. Alpesh Patel, Gokul Global University (Guide) ABSTRACT Environmental crimes, including illegal deforestation, wildlife trafficking, industrial pollution, and the improper disposal of hazardous waste, pose severe threats to ecological stability and human well-being. These crimes disrupt biodiversity, contaminate natural resources, and endanger the health of p
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Developing Health Law Rights And Regional Healthcare Integration: An Analysis Of India's Emergence As South Asia's Medical Tourism Hub And Its Implications For Regional Health Governance
Dr. Siddhant Chandra, Dr. Kaustav Choudhoury, Dr. Subhajit Chakraborty, Assistant Professors at St. Xavier’s University, Kolkata (India). ABSTRACT This study examines the dual phenomenon of India's evolving health rights jurisprudence and its emergence as South Asia's primary medical tourism destination within the broader context of regional healthcare integration. Through comprehensive analysis of constitutional developments, policy frameworks, and cross-border patient flows
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Symbolic Justice Or Substantive Protection? A Critical Study Of Gender-Specific Criminal Legislations In India
Dr. Vidya Shaktawat, Professor, Faculty of Law, Madhav University, Pindwara, Sirohi, Rajasthan. ORCID ID: 0009-0006-7653-4887 Vineeta Meena, Research Scholar, Faculty of Law, Madhav University, Pindwara, Sirohi, Rajasthan. ORCID ID: 0009-0007-9361-5360 ABSTRACT The protection of women’s rights through criminal legislation in India has witnessed significant expansion, particularly in the aftermath of growing public consciousness and landmark incidents of gender-based violence.
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
From Sacred Order To Statutory Residue: Manufactured Hierarchy, Colonial Codification, And The Persistence Of Caste And Gender Discrimination In Indian Legislation
Mukti Jain, Alliance University I. Introduction In October 2024, the Supreme Court of India held in Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India that prison manuals across multiple states formally assigned labour on caste lines, directing members of Scheduled Caste communities to perform sweeping and sanitation duties within correctional facilities. This was not a colonial-era relic. It was an active administrative practice of the Indian state, operating decades after Article 17 of the
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Incidental Exposure In The Digital Commons: Crowd-Sourced Cartography, Uninformed Photo Contribution, And The Unresolved Privacy Crisis On Google Maps In India: A Legal Commentary
Mukti Jain, Alliance University ABSTRACT India hosts one of the world's largest and fastest-growing populations of internet users. Yet explosive connectivity has not been matched by an equally explosive growth in digital literacy. This commentary examines a phenomenon that sits at the intersection of platform design, user ignorance, and regulatory inadequacy: the accidental public exposure of private residences and intimate family imagery through crowd-sourced contributions t
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Cyber Crime And Jurisdiction: Rethinking Legal Boundaries In A Borderless World
Jatin, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies ABSTRACT In an increasingly digitised world, crime is no longer confined by physical borders. Cyber offences today can originate in one country, pass through multiple jurisdictions, and impact victims across the globe within seconds. This borderless nature of cyberspace has created a fundamental legal dilemma: who has the authority to investigate and prosecute such crimes? This article critically examines the growing jur
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
From Soft Law To Coercive Compliance: A Critical Analysis On UGC Equity Regulation, 2026
Aadesh Sanjay Dubey & Ritishkumar Dilipkumar Yadav, B.A. LL.B., Department of Law, Thakur Ramnarayan College of Law, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT This paper includes the critical scrutiny of the transition of the UGC Equity Regulations, 2026, which gives an important turn to the advisory framework to the mandatory establishment of objectives to find out the discrimination and the inclusivity awareness within the Higher Education Institutions (HEI
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
The Sentencing Process In India: A Critical Analysis Of Contemporary And Applied Approaches
Yogalakshmi G, LL.M. (Hons), School of Excellence in Law, The Tamilnadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai ABSTRACT Sentencing is the judicial determination of punishment following conviction, guided by constitutional, statutory, and human rights frameworks. The process in India reflects a nuanced blend of retributive, deterrent, reformative, and restorative objectives, rooted in historical, philosophical, and international perspectives. Ancient texts like the Manusmriti an
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Voluntariness Under Section 183 BNSS: A Human Rights Critique Of Magistrate-Recorded Statements
Jaykumar Navinchandra Vankar, Gujarat National Law University ABSTRACT This paper examines the doctrine of voluntariness in confessions recorded under Section 183 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, with a focus on whether existing legal safeguards ensure substantive or merely formal compliance. It analyses the statutory framework under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam governing admissibility of confessions, particularly the exclusionary rules relating to inducement, th
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Algorithm Authority And Human Accountability: Navigating The Ethical And Legal Frontiers Of Artificial Intelligence
Abha Katiyar, ABVSLS, Chhatrapati Sahu Ji Mahara University Aryant Pal, LLM, Allahabad University ABSTRACT “The real question is, when will we draft an artificial intelligence bill of rights? What will that consist of? And who will get to decide that?” Driven by the proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it has evolved from a futuristic concept into a powerful disruptor of economic, social, ethical, and legal obligations. The integration of legal and ethical considera
IJLLR Journal
May 22 min read
Corporate Human Rights Liability In International Law: Moving From Soft Law To Enforcement
Manisha. T, LL.M. (International Law and Organization), University of Madras, Department of Legal Studies ABSTRACT The increasing dominance of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the global economy has revealed significant structural flaws in the old state- centric model of international law, notably in terms of human rights protection. Although companies operate in several jurisdictions and have tremendous power over local populations, international legal duties have tradit
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Between Affection And Agreement: A Study Of Prenuptial Agreements
Boshavarthini P, Government Law College, Viluppuram வ"#$ன&' காவாதா$ வா+'ைக எ.#$ன& ைவ/01 ேபால' ெக67. - தி"வ9:வ& G.U. Pope's Translation; His joy who guards not against the coming evil day, like straw before the fire shall swiftly consume away. Thirukkural: 435, The Correction of Faults, Wealth ABSTRACT Prenuptial agreements, as pre-marital arrangements regulating the financial rights and obligations of spouses, occupy a legally uncertain position within the Indian framework. W
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
Electoral Federalism At The Grassroots: Constitutional Design And Institutional Independence Of State Election Commissions In India
Prof. Dr. R. Thanga Ramani, Principal, Government Law College, Chengalpattu ABSTRACT The constitutionalisation of local self government through the Seventy Third and Seventy Fourth Amendments represents a foundational shift in India’s democratic architecture, embedding electoral federalism at the grassroots level. State Election Commissions were conceived as autonomous constitutional bodies entrusted with the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Panchayats
IJLLR Journal
May 21 min read
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